A Molybdenum Disulfide Nanozyme with Charge-Enhanced Activity for Ultrasound-Mediated Cascade-Catalytic Tumor Ferroptosis

The deficient catalytic activity of nanozymes and insufficient endogenous H₂O₂ in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are major obstacles for nanozyme-mediated catalytic tumor therapy. Since electron transfer is the basic essence of catalysis-mediated redox reactions, we explored the contributing factors of enzymatic activity based on positive and negative charges, which are experimentally and theoretically demonstrated to enhance the peroxidase (POD)-like activity of a MoS₂ nanozyme. Hence, an acidic tumor microenvironment-responsive and ultrasound-mediated cascade nanocatalyst (BTO/MoS₂@CA) is presented that is made from few-layer MoS₂ nanosheets grown on the surface of piezoelectric tetragonal barium titanate (T-BTO) and modified with pH-responsive cinnamaldehyde (CA). The integration of pH-responsive CA-mediated H₂O₂ self-supply, ultrasound-mediated charge-enhanced enzymatic activity, and glutathione (GSH) depletion enables out-of-balance redox homeostasis, leading to effective tumor ferroptosis with minimal side effects.