人类的压力和情感障碍。

E. Paykel
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引用次数: 114

摘要

30多年来发表的一系列一致的研究结果表明,在临床单相抑郁症发病前,生活事件的发生率有所上升。一系列的威胁事件涉及,只有有限的特异性,尽管在某种程度上与人际损失的关系更密切。社会支持既有缓冲生活事件的作用,也有独立的压力效应。生活压力也会影响结果。影响遍及各个年龄段,但在复发性疾病中较弱或不存在,特别是当病情严重或抑郁时。它们在双相情感障碍中也较弱,在双相情感障碍中,社会节律紊乱可能有特殊的影响。总体而言,生活压力的致病因素是中等大小的,但也不能排除许多其他因素。因果链是复杂的,生活压力本身并不是完全独立的,因为可用的社会支持是由个人形成关系的能力决定的,生活事件的发生有一些遗传因素,可以通过童年时期的干扰来预测。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Stress and affective disorders in humans.
A consistent body of findings published over 30 years shows raised rates of life events before onset of clinical unipolar depression. A range of threatening events is implicated, with only limited specificity, although a somewhat closer relationship to interpersonal losses. Social support both buffers effects of life events and its absence also has some independent stressful effects. Life stress also affects outcome. Effects extend across the age range, but are weaker or absent in recurrent disorder, particularly when this is severe or melancholic. They are also weaker in bipolar disorder, where social rhythm disruption may have a particular effect. The causative contribution of life stress is of moderate size overall but does not exclude many other factors. Causative chains are complex and life stress itself is not fully independent, because available social support is shaped by personal capacity to form relationships, and occurrence of life events has some genetic elements and is predicted by disturbance in childhood.
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