Micheline Campbell, Liza McDonough, Pauline C. Treble, Andy Baker, Nevena Kosarac, Katie Coleborn, Peter M. Wynn, Axel K. Schmitt
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Recently, speleothems have been shown to record past fire events (Argiriadis et al., 2019, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00767; McDonough et al., 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2022.03.020; Homann et al., 2022, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-34950-x). Here we present a review of this emerging application in speleothem paleoenvironmental science. We give a concise overview of fire regimes and common paleofire proxies, describe past attempts to use stalagmites to investigate paleofire, and describe the physical basis through which speleothems can record past fires. We then describe the ideal speleothem sample for paleofire research and offer a summary of applicable laboratory and statistical methods. 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引用次数: 3
摘要
野火影响着地球上40%的陆地生物群落,但我们对野火活动的了解大多局限于卫星时代。提高对过去火灾的了解对于更好地预测火灾制度如何随未来气候变化而变化、了解生态系统对火灾的恢复能力以及改进数据模型比较是必要的。环境代理档案可以扩展我们对过去火灾活动的认识。洞穴是自然形成的洞穴结构,在古环境研究中被广泛使用,因为它们具有绝对的可追溯性,存在于每个无冰大陆,并包括多种代用物。最近,洞穴主题被证明可以记录过去的火灾事件(Argiriadis等人,2019,https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00767;McDonough等人,2022,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2022.03.020;Homann et al., 2022, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-34950-x)。本文就该技术在洞穴古环境科学中的应用作一综述。本文简要概述了古火的形态和常见的古火代用物,描述了过去利用石笋研究古火的尝试,并描述了洞穴记录古火的物理基础。然后,我们描述了古火研究的理想洞穴样品,并总结了适用的实验室和统计方法。最后,我们介绍了澳大利亚西南部的四个案例研究:(a)探索灰烬渗出物的地球化学,(b)详细说明硫酸盐同位素如何作为火灾后生态恢复的代理,(c)证明灾难性古火灾如何与气候和土地管理变化联系在一起,以及(d)调查深洞是否可以记录过去的火灾事件。最后对古火应用的未来研究方向进行了展望。
A Review of Speleothems as Archives for Paleofire Proxies, With Australian Case Studies
Wildfires affect 40% of the earth's terrestrial biome, but much of our knowledge of wildfire activity is limited to the satellite era. Improved understanding of past fires is necessary to better forecast how fire regimes might change with future climate change, to understand ecosystem resilience to fire, and to improve data-model comparisons. Environmental proxy archives can extend our knowledge of past fire activity. Speleothems, naturally occurring cave formations, are widely used in paleoenvironmental research as they are absolutely dateable, occur on every ice-free continent, and include multiple proxies. Recently, speleothems have been shown to record past fire events (Argiriadis et al., 2019, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00767; McDonough et al., 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2022.03.020; Homann et al., 2022, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-34950-x). Here we present a review of this emerging application in speleothem paleoenvironmental science. We give a concise overview of fire regimes and common paleofire proxies, describe past attempts to use stalagmites to investigate paleofire, and describe the physical basis through which speleothems can record past fires. We then describe the ideal speleothem sample for paleofire research and offer a summary of applicable laboratory and statistical methods. Finally, we present four case studies from southwest Australia which: (a) explore the geochemistry of ash leachates, (b) detail how sulfate isotopes may be a proxy for post fire ecological recovery, (c) demonstrate how a catastrophic paleofire was linked to changes in climate and land management, and (d) investigate whether deep caves can record past fire events. We conclude the paper by outlining future research directions for paleofire applications.
期刊介绍:
Geophysics Reviews (ROG) offers comprehensive overviews and syntheses of current research across various domains of the Earth and space sciences. Our goal is to present accessible and engaging reviews that cater to the diverse AGU community. While authorship is typically by invitation, we warmly encourage readers and potential authors to share their suggestions with our editors.