汽车尾气平衡成分的计算

R. Grosso
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摘要

温度(600至1500 K)、压力(1至60 atm)和空气/燃料比(13.0至17.0)对汽车废气平衡成分的影响是在假设出口成分已知的情况下,通过最小化总自由能来计算的。氮氧化物,主要是一氧化氮,似乎在高温(1800至2000 K)和相对较高的空气/燃料比的燃烧室区域形成。氮氧化物的消除虽然在还原性气氛中比较容易,但在氧化性气氛中似乎也是可能的。氨的形成虽然在燃烧室中可以忽略不计,但在高效还原性催化剂的操作条件下却显得很重要。如果空气/燃料比小于化学计量量,则有利于在低温和高压下形成;如果空气/燃料比大于化学计量量,则有利于在高温下形成。一氧化碳浓度随着空气/燃料比的增加而降低,在空气/燃料比固定的情况下随着温度的升高而升高。它的浓度不仅由水气转换反应决定,而且由其他反应决定。最抗氧化的碳氢化合物是甲烷、乙炔、乙烯和苯。在醛类中,甲醛在氧化烃馏分中浓度最高。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
CALCULATION OF EQUILIBRIUM COMPOSITION OF AUTOMOTIVE EXHAUST GASES
The influence of temperature (600 to 1500 K), pressure (1 to 60 atm), and air/fuel ratio (13.0 to 17.0) on the equilibrium composition of automotive exhaust gas is calculated by minimizing the total free energy with the assumption that the outlet components are known. Nitrogen oxides, principally as nitric oxide, appear to be formed in combustion chamber zones with high temperatures (1800 to 2000 K) and relatively high air/fuel ratios. Nitrogen oxide elimination, although easier in a reducing atmosphere, appears also possible in an oxidizing atmosphere. Ammonia formation, although negligible in the combustion chamber, appears significant at operating conditions of a highly efficient reducing catalyst. Its formation is favored at low temperatures and high pressures if the air/fuel ratio is less than stoichiometric or at high temperatures if the air/fuel ratio is greater than than stoichiometric. Carbon monoxide concentration decreases with increasing air/fuel ratios and increases with the temperature for a fixed air/fuel ratio. Its concentration is determined not only by the water-gas shift reaction but also by other reactions. The most oxidation-resistant hydrocarbons are methane, acetylene, ethylene, and benzene. Among the aldehydes, formaldehyde shows the highest concentrations for the oxidized hydrocarbon fraction.
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