{"title":"捕鱼会破坏鱼类养殖和生态系统结构吗?关于鱼和渔民之间社会学习的含义的问题","authors":"James A. Wilson, Jarl Giske","doi":"10.1111/faf.12755","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Scientific awareness of social learning, especially among vertebrates, has expanded rapidly in recent decades. That literature suggests that social learning may be a second adaptive mechanism that interacts with and refines genetic adaptation. For an individual fish, learning from others reduces the costs of acquiring experience-based behaviours and minimizes the hazards that arise from imperfect knowledge of local regularities. For a group of fish, social learning facilitates the evolution of time and place behaviours that work in its locality. It spreads those behaviours within the group and to subsequent generations. Thus, social learning enables persistent adaptation at a finer scale than might be possible through genetic processes alone. Strong evidence of genetic differentiation at less than a panmictic scale and persistent local depletions suggests regular, fine-scale system structure. Social learning may play an important role in creating and maintaining this finer-scale structure. Fishers' learned adaptations to the market and natural system usually lead them to target larger/older fish and fish aggregations at familiar times and places. However, older fish are likely to be the principal repository of the time-and-place experience required for local growth, survival, and reproduction, while social aggregations are important schools in which younger fish acquire the experience of older fish. Consequently, if adaptation through social learning is important among fish, there is reason to be concerned that heavy fishing of social learners reduces their abundance, as usually assumed, and impairs the inheritance of the socially learned experience required for persistent local adaptation.</p>","PeriodicalId":169,"journal":{"name":"Fish and Fisheries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6000,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Does fishing dismantle fish culture and ecosystem structure? Questions about the implications of social learning among fish and fishers\",\"authors\":\"James A. Wilson, Jarl Giske\",\"doi\":\"10.1111/faf.12755\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>Scientific awareness of social learning, especially among vertebrates, has expanded rapidly in recent decades. That literature suggests that social learning may be a second adaptive mechanism that interacts with and refines genetic adaptation. For an individual fish, learning from others reduces the costs of acquiring experience-based behaviours and minimizes the hazards that arise from imperfect knowledge of local regularities. For a group of fish, social learning facilitates the evolution of time and place behaviours that work in its locality. It spreads those behaviours within the group and to subsequent generations. Thus, social learning enables persistent adaptation at a finer scale than might be possible through genetic processes alone. Strong evidence of genetic differentiation at less than a panmictic scale and persistent local depletions suggests regular, fine-scale system structure. Social learning may play an important role in creating and maintaining this finer-scale structure. Fishers' learned adaptations to the market and natural system usually lead them to target larger/older fish and fish aggregations at familiar times and places. However, older fish are likely to be the principal repository of the time-and-place experience required for local growth, survival, and reproduction, while social aggregations are important schools in which younger fish acquire the experience of older fish. Consequently, if adaptation through social learning is important among fish, there is reason to be concerned that heavy fishing of social learners reduces their abundance, as usually assumed, and impairs the inheritance of the socially learned experience required for persistent local adaptation.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":169,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Fish and Fisheries\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":5.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-04-28\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Fish and Fisheries\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"97\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/faf.12755\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"农林科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"FISHERIES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Fish and Fisheries","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/faf.12755","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"FISHERIES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Does fishing dismantle fish culture and ecosystem structure? Questions about the implications of social learning among fish and fishers
Scientific awareness of social learning, especially among vertebrates, has expanded rapidly in recent decades. That literature suggests that social learning may be a second adaptive mechanism that interacts with and refines genetic adaptation. For an individual fish, learning from others reduces the costs of acquiring experience-based behaviours and minimizes the hazards that arise from imperfect knowledge of local regularities. For a group of fish, social learning facilitates the evolution of time and place behaviours that work in its locality. It spreads those behaviours within the group and to subsequent generations. Thus, social learning enables persistent adaptation at a finer scale than might be possible through genetic processes alone. Strong evidence of genetic differentiation at less than a panmictic scale and persistent local depletions suggests regular, fine-scale system structure. Social learning may play an important role in creating and maintaining this finer-scale structure. Fishers' learned adaptations to the market and natural system usually lead them to target larger/older fish and fish aggregations at familiar times and places. However, older fish are likely to be the principal repository of the time-and-place experience required for local growth, survival, and reproduction, while social aggregations are important schools in which younger fish acquire the experience of older fish. Consequently, if adaptation through social learning is important among fish, there is reason to be concerned that heavy fishing of social learners reduces their abundance, as usually assumed, and impairs the inheritance of the socially learned experience required for persistent local adaptation.
期刊介绍:
Fish and Fisheries adopts a broad, interdisciplinary approach to the subject of fish biology and fisheries. It draws contributions in the form of major synoptic papers and syntheses or meta-analyses that lay out new approaches, re-examine existing findings, methods or theory, and discuss papers and commentaries from diverse areas. Focal areas include fish palaeontology, molecular biology and ecology, genetics, biochemistry, physiology, ecology, behaviour, evolutionary studies, conservation, assessment, population dynamics, mathematical modelling, ecosystem analysis and the social, economic and policy aspects of fisheries where they are grounded in a scientific approach. A paper in Fish and Fisheries must draw upon all key elements of the existing literature on a topic, normally have a broad geographic and/or taxonomic scope, and provide general points which make it compelling to a wide range of readers whatever their geographical location. So, in short, we aim to publish articles that make syntheses of old or synoptic, long-term or spatially widespread data, introduce or consolidate fresh concepts or theory, or, in the Ghoti section, briefly justify preliminary, new synoptic ideas. Please note that authors of submissions not meeting this mandate will be directed to the appropriate primary literature.