Genetic Differences in Homoeologous Group 1 of Seven Types of Winter Wheat Aimengniu

Aimengniu (hereafter AMN), cultivated by Shandong Agricultural University, is a renowned Chinese winter wheat germplasm. The purpose of this study was to dissect the genetic difference among the 7 AMN-derived types in homoeologous group 1. The translocation between chromosomes 1B and 1R was identified in the 7 AMN-derived types (AMNI to AMNVII) using molecular markers and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). Amplified with the specific primers for 1R and 1B, the AMNI and AMNIII plants showed the presence of normal 1B chromatin, and the remaining types had both 1RS and 1BL but not 1BS and 1RL chromatin. The GISH result confirmed the replacement of 1BS by 1RS in AMNII, AMNIV, AMNV, AMNVI, and AMNVII plants; and the typical common wheat karyotype was observed in AMNI and AMNIII plants. In addition, genetic differences among the 7 AMN-derived types in homoeologous group 1 were detected using 138 polymorphic markers. Three markers, Xwmc336 and Xmag1884 on chromosome 1A and Xgwm124 on chromosome 1B, amplified specific segments of AMNV. Loci of Xwmc336 and Xmag1884 originated from the parent Neuzucht and that of Xgwm124 from the parent Aifeng 3.