G. R. Takuissu, S. Kenmoe, L. Ndip, J. T. Ebogo-Belobo, C. Kengne-Ndé, D. S. Mbaga, A. Bowo-Ngandji, M. G. Oyono, R. Kenfack-Momo, S. Tchatchouang, J. Kenfack-Zanguim, R. Lontuo Fogang, E. Zeuko’o Menkem, G. I. Kame-Ngasse, J. N. Magoudjou-Pekam, S. Nkie Esemu, C. Veneri, P. Mancini, G. Bonanno Ferraro, M. Iaconelli, E. Suffredini, G. La Rosa
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引用次数: 14
摘要
戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)可通过食源性、人畜共患和水传播途径导致人类急性肝炎。本研究旨在评估HEV在水基质中的流行程度。定义了六个类别:未经处理和处理的废水、地表水(河流、湖泊和海水)、饮用水、地下水和其他水环境(灌溉水、中水、水库水、洪水和生猪屠宰场废水)。我们检索了PubMed, Web of Science, Global Index Medicus和abstrpta Medica Database。研究选择和数据提取由至少两名独立调查员进行。异质性(I2)采用Cochran Q统计量和H参数的χ2检验。通过亚组分析探讨异质性的来源。本研究已在PROSPERO注册，注册号为CRD42021289116。我们纳入了来自58篇论文的87项患病率研究，其中66.4%在欧洲进行。水中HEV的总患病率为9.8% (95% CI 6.4-13.7)。未处理废水中的患病率较高(15.1%)，处理废水中的患病率较低(3.8%)，饮用水中的患病率较低(4.7%)。在地表水中，患病率为7.4%，在地下水中，仅从一项研究中获得的阳性样本百分比为8.3%。总体而言，只有36.8%的研究报告了HEV的基因型，其中基因3型(HEV-3)流行(168份样本)，其次是HEV-1(148份样本)和HEV-4(2份样本)。高收入国家最具代表性，有59/87项研究(67.8%)，而只有3/87项研究(3.5%)是在低收入国家进行的。本研究获得的总体患病率在工业化国家普遍较高。14.9%的研究偏倚风险为低，85.1%为中等偏倚风险。这次审查的结果表明，在具有卫生和安全供水的工业化国家，戊肝病毒在不同的水环境中也有发生。虽然发展中国家已广泛证明戊肝病毒通过水传播给人类，但这在工业化国家仍是一个悬而未决的问题。要弄清这一传播途径，需要更好地了解污染源、发生、在水中的生存和通过水处理去除。图形抽象
Hepatitis E Virus in Water Environments: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is responsible for acute hepatitis in humans, through foodborne, zoonotic, and waterborne transmission routes. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of HEV in water matrices. Six categories were defined: untreated and treated wastewater, surface water (river, lake, and seawater), drinking water, groundwater, and other water environments (irrigation water, grey water, reservoir water, flood water, and effluent of pig slaughterhouse). We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Global Index Medicus, and Excerpta Medica Database. Study selection and data extraction were performed by at least two independent investigators. Heterogeneity (I2) was assessed using the χ2 test on the Cochran Q statistic and H parameter. Sources of heterogeneity were explored by subgroup analysis. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42021289116. We included 87 prevalence studies from 58 papers, 66.4% of which performed in Europe. The overall prevalence of HEV in water was 9.8% (95% CI 6.4–13.7). The prevalence was higher in untreated wastewater (15.1%) and lower in treated wastewater (3.8%) and in drinking water (4.7%). In surface water, prevalence was 7.4%, and in groundwater, the percentage of positive samples, from only one study available, was 8.3%. Overall, only 36.8% of the studies reported the genotype of HEV, with genotype 3 (HEV-3) prevalent (168 samples), followed by HEV-1 (148 sample), and HEV-4 (2 samples). High-income countries were the most represented with 59/87 studies (67.8%), while only 3/87 (3.5%) of the studies were performed in low-income countries. The overall prevalence obtained of this study was generally higher in industrialized countries. Risk of bias was low in 14.9% of the studies and moderate in 85.1%. The results of this review showed the occurrence of HEV in different waters environments also in industrialized countries with sanitation and safe water supplies. While HEV transmission to humans through water has been widely demonstrated in developing countries, it is an issue still pending in industrialized countries. Better knowledge on the source of pollution, occurrence, survival in water, and removal by water treatment is needed to unravel this transmission path.
期刊介绍：
Food and Environmental Virology publishes original articles, notes and review articles on any aspect relating to the transmission of pathogenic viruses via the environment (water, air, soil etc.) and foods. This includes epidemiological studies, identification of novel or emerging pathogens, methods of analysis or characterisation, studies on survival and elimination, and development of procedural controls for industrial processes, e.g. HACCP plans. The journal will cover all aspects of this important area, and encompass studies on any human, animal, and plant pathogenic virus which is capable of transmission via the environment or food.
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