Bronze casting clay moulds and production sequences: understanding knowledge and Organization of the Artisans in Late Shang (14th – 11th century BC), China

This research extrapolates the knowledge and choices made by the artisans through the bronze vessel casting mould production. Our discussion on the late Shang dynasty often focused on the elites in their burials, elaborate artifacts, and rituals. To comprehend the artisans, we cannot rely on the artifacts used by the elites. Artifacts that the artisans directly influenced are the tools they made and used themselves. The bronze casting moulds were one type of the tools they made and used for the bronze casting, leaving their existence and knowledge within the artifacts. How the artisans made these casting moulds and the way in which they used them is the knowledge and organization commanded by the artisans. From the sequence of production of the casting moulds, this research highlights the different knowledge involved in producing the moulds from raw material processing to firing and casting. From the sequence of production, we offer new insight into how the artisans’ organized their production.