对人类和倭黑猩猩瞳孔大小的关注

IF 2.1 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY
T. W. Zijlstra, E. van Berlo, M. E. Kret
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引用次数: 2

摘要

先前的研究已经证实,人类对情绪信号有注意力偏见,有一些证据表明,这种现象与我们最亲密的亲属倭黑猩猩有共同之处。尽管许多情绪信号是显性和显性的,但瞳孔大小等隐性线索也包含观察者的情绪信息。学生的大小可以影响社会判断,培养信任和社会支持,并被自动模仿,暗示着一种沟通作用。虽然注意力偏向于更明显的情绪表达,但尚不清楚这是否也延伸到更微妙的隐含暗示,比如瞳孔大小的变化。因此,目前的研究调查了人类和倭黑猩猩的注意力是否偏向于不同大小的瞳孔。共有150名人类参与者(141名女性),平均年龄19.13岁(18至32岁),完成了一项在线点探针任务。四只雌性倭黑猩猩(6至17岁)通过触摸屏完成了点探针任务。我们使用线性混合多级模型来检验瞳孔大小对反应时间的影响。在人类中,我们的分析显示,与中等大小的瞳孔相比,放大瞳孔的注意力偏差较小,但显著。我们的分析没有显示对倭黑猩猩的显著影响。这些结果表明,人类对情绪的注意偏差可以扩展到一种微妙的无意识产生的信号,即瞳孔大小的变化。由于两个实验在方法上的差异,在得出关于倭黑猩猩的结论之前,还需要更多的研究。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Attention Towards Pupil Size in Humans and Bonobos (Pan paniscus)

Previous work has established that humans have an attentional bias towards emotional signals, and there is some evidence that this phenomenon is shared with bonobos, our closest relatives. Although many emotional signals are explicit and overt, implicit cues such as pupil size also contain emotional information for observers. Pupil size can impact social judgment and foster trust and social support, and is automatically mimicked, suggesting a communicative role. While an attentional bias towards more obvious emotional expressions has been shown, it is unclear whether this also extends to a more subtle implicit cue, like changes in pupil size. Therefore, the current study investigated whether attention is biased towards pupils of differing sizes in humans and bonobos. A total of 150 human participants (141 female), with a mean age of 19.13 (ranging from 18 to 32 years old), completed an online dot-probe task. Four female bonobos (6 to 17 years old) completed the dot-probe task presented via a touch screen. We used linear mixed multilevel models to examine the effect of pupil size on reaction times. In humans, our analysis showed a small but significant attentional bias towards dilated pupils compared to intermediate-sized pupils and intermediate-sized pupils when compared to small pupils. Our analysis did not show a significant effect in bonobos. These results suggest that the attentional bias towards emotions in humans can be extended to a subtle unconsciously produced signal, namely changes in pupil size. Due to methodological differences between the two experiments, more research is needed before drawing a conclusion regarding bonobos.

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