Wireless Power Transfer to Biomedical Implants Using a Class-E Inverter and a Class-DE Rectifier

In this article, we propose a strategy for the design of a wireless power transfer system consisting of a class-E inverter, a half-bridge class-DE rectifier, and two coupled coils. The system is optimized for maximum power transfer efficiency. The design is validated via a case study, for which a wireless power transfer link to a neuroprosthesis was designed. After circuit simulations, a prototype was realized and measured. There is a good agreement between the calculated, simulated and measured voltages and currents. The prototype delivers ${\text {80}}$ mW, ${\text {7}}$ V to a biomedical implant at ${\text {6.78}}$ MHz, the transfer efficiency is ${\text {52}}$ to 68%, depending on the alignment. The end-to-end efficiency, with the controller and gate driver also taken into account, is ${\text {39}}$ to 57%. Electromagnetic and thermal simulations were performed to verify compliance with relevant safety regulations on specific absorption rate (SAR) levels, magnetic field strength, and heat generation in the implant, for separation distances between the coils of ${\text {8}}$ to ${\text {15}}$ mm, and transverse misalignment from ${\text {0}}$ to $\text {15}$ mm.