Techno-economic and environmental assessment of solar photovoltaic, diesel, and electric water pumps for irrigation in Assam, India

This study assesses the techno-economic and environmental aspects of solar photovoltaic (PV), diesel, and electric water pumps for irrigation in Assam, India. Two practical crop rotations are considered: Sali rice, strawberry, and Ahu rice; and Sali rice, mustard, and Boro rice. A comprehensive analysis, including performance, cost-effectiveness, and CO₂ emissions, was conducted through field surveys and data analysis. The findings highlight the advantages of solar photovoltaic water pumps (SPVWP), including reduced CO₂ emissions, lower operational costs, and the potential revenue from selling surplus electricity generated and participating in carbon trading. The study explores the sensitivity to varying subsidy rates, emphasizing the potential to promote SPVWP adoption through revised policies. Factors like crop rotation, energy costs, and groundwater availability are also considered. SPVWP emerges as a viable and sustainable irrigation solution in Assam and similar regions with appropriate financial incentives and support. The research offers valuable insights for policymakers and advances the understanding of renewable energy-based irrigation systems.