The ‘Triangle Model’ theory for prevention and control of newly emerging infectious diseases: Definition, characteristics, and experience in China

Newly emerging infectious diseases are vital issues that impact global health, social stability, economic development, and national security. While infectious disease prevention and control is a highly practical discipline, effective theoretical guidance remains indispensable in infectious disease prevention and control practices. During the past three years of responding to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, we have observed that the traditional “Three-Step Two-Factor” theory is not sufficient to meet the contemporary societal needs for newly emerging infectious disease prevention and control. Building upon years of experience in responding to infectious diseases, we have innovatively developed the “Triangle Model” theory for the prevention and control of infectious diseases. This model has been successfully applied in China's practices and management decisions during the COVID-19 pandemic. We introduce the definition, characteristics of the “Triangle Model” theory, as well as shared practical experience in China, to provide a theoretical reference for future prevention and control of newly emerging infectious diseases in China and other countries.