Nano based photodynamic therapy to target tumor microenvironment

The cutting-edge therapeutic approach recently has seen a large increase in the clinical application of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of cancer microenvironment. PDT works by using oxygen, photosensitizers, and laser light. Poor water solubility of possible photosensitizers and a tumor-suppressive microenvironment have reduced PDT's effectiveness. The advantages of nano-based photodynamic treatment are helping to overcome the relevant challenges. Using a dual or triple combination method, such as photothermal therapy, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, the effectiveness of PDT can be increased. The proposed review in this section focuses on an overview of photodynamic treatment, photosensitizers, and PDT's applications in medicine. Additionally, a perspective on PDT-based cancer therapy is discussed.