各省的诽谤:近代早期英格兰的虚假信息和“名誉”

IF 1.8 1区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY
Clare Egan
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在近代早期,诽谤个人已经被法律重新定义,并在星宫法庭受审,与君主或政府有关的案件一起。这使得通过传播虚假谣言而毁掉个人声誉的行为与传播全国性重大虚假新闻的行为一样严重。私人诽谤通常采用诗歌,模仿,模拟仪式或视觉符号的形式,被阅读,唱歌,张贴和出版;他们利用虚构重建地方争端的诽谤潜力,以加剧省级社区内的冲突。本章认为,私人诽谤为一种新颖的多媒体实践提供了证据,这种实践将事实和虚构混合在早期现代英格兰的社会网络中传播虚假信息。它检查了两个案例,一个集中在诽谤的诗句和另一个模拟公告,以建立文学和表演技巧在诽谤虚假信息的意义。本章还探讨了“名誉扫地”对私人和公共类别的重要性。它认为,私人诽谤是既定口头、印刷和手稿交流形式的社会背景的一个重要特征,它影响了对信息和公共官员人物可信度的普遍看法。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Libel in the Provinces: Disinformation and ‘Disreputation’ in Early Modern England
By the early modern period, libelling a private individual had been legally redefined and was being tried at the court of Star Chamber, alongside cases relating to the monarch or government. This brought the ruination of individual reputations by spreading false rumours into the same realm as the circulation of nationally significant false news. Private libels typically took the form of verses, impersonations, mock ceremonies or visual symbols that were read, sung, posted, and published; they exploited the defamatory potential of fictional reconstructions of local disputes in order to exacerbate conflicts within provincial communities. This chapter argues that private libels provide evidence for a novel multimedia practice of circulating disinformation that blended fact and fiction amongst the social networks of early modern England. It examines two cases, one centred upon a libellous verse and the other on mock proclamations, to establish the significance of literary and performance techniques in libellous disinformation. The chapter also explores the significance of ‘disreputation’ for the categories of private and public. It argues that private libels were a crucial feature of the social backdrop to established forms of oral, print and manuscript communication, which impacted upon common perceptions of trustworthiness of information and public official figures.
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来源期刊
Past & Present
Past & Present Multiple-
CiteScore
2.80
自引率
5.60%
发文量
49
期刊介绍: Founded in 1952, Past & Present is widely acknowledged to be the liveliest and most stimulating historical journal in the English-speaking world. The journal offers: •A wide variety of scholarly and original articles on historical, social and cultural change in all parts of the world. •Four issues a year, each containing five or six major articles plus occasional debates and review essays. •Challenging work by young historians as well as seminal articles by internationally regarded scholars. •A range of articles that appeal to specialists and non-specialists, and communicate the results of the most recent historical research in a readable and lively form. •A forum for debate, encouraging productive controversy.
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