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{"title":"集合的n个非不动点的置换和n个元素的子集","authors":"Supakun Panasawatwong, Pimpen Vejjajiva","doi":"10.1002/malq.202300005","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>We write <math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <msub>\n <mi>S</mi>\n <mi>n</mi>\n </msub>\n <mrow>\n <mo>(</mo>\n <mi>a</mi>\n <mo>)</mo>\n </mrow>\n </mrow>\n <annotation>$\\mathcal {S}_n(\\mathfrak {a})$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> and <math>\n <semantics>\n <msup>\n <mrow>\n <mo>[</mo>\n <mi>a</mi>\n <mo>]</mo>\n </mrow>\n <mi>n</mi>\n </msup>\n <annotation>$[\\mathfrak {a}]^n$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> for the cardinalities of the set of permutations with <i>n</i> non-fixed points and the set of subsets with <i>n</i> elements, respectively, of a set which is of cardinality <math>\n <semantics>\n <mi>a</mi>\n <annotation>$\\mathfrak {a}$</annotation>\n </semantics></math>, where <i>n</i> is a natural number greater than 1. With the Axiom of Choice, <math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <msub>\n <mi>S</mi>\n <mi>n</mi>\n </msub>\n <mrow>\n <mo>(</mo>\n <mi>a</mi>\n <mo>)</mo>\n </mrow>\n </mrow>\n <annotation>$\\mathcal {S}_n(\\mathfrak {a})$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> and <math>\n <semantics>\n <msup>\n <mrow>\n <mo>[</mo>\n <mi>a</mi>\n <mo>]</mo>\n </mrow>\n <mi>n</mi>\n </msup>\n <annotation>$[\\mathfrak {a}]^n$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> are equal for all infinite cardinals <math>\n <semantics>\n <mi>a</mi>\n <annotation>$\\mathfrak {a}$</annotation>\n </semantics></math>. We show, in <span>ZF</span>, that if <math>\n <semantics>\n <msub>\n <mtext>AC</mtext>\n <mrow>\n <mo>≤</mo>\n <mi>n</mi>\n </mrow>\n </msub>\n <annotation>$\\mbox{\\textsf {AC}}_{\\le n}$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> is assumed, then <math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <msup>\n <mrow>\n <mo>[</mo>\n <mi>a</mi>\n <mo>]</mo>\n </mrow>\n <mi>n</mi>\n </msup>\n <mo>≤</mo>\n <msub>\n <mi>S</mi>\n <mi>n</mi>\n </msub>\n <mrow>\n <mo>(</mo>\n <mi>a</mi>\n <mo>)</mo>\n </mrow>\n <mo>≤</mo>\n <msup>\n <mrow>\n <mo>[</mo>\n <mi>a</mi>\n <mo>]</mo>\n </mrow>\n <mrow>\n <mi>n</mi>\n <mo>+</mo>\n <mn>1</mn>\n </mrow>\n </msup>\n </mrow>\n <annotation>$[\\mathfrak {a}]^n\\le \\mathcal {S}_n(\\mathfrak {a})\\le [\\mathfrak {a}]^{n+1}$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> for any infinite cardinal <math>\n <semantics>\n <mi>a</mi>\n <annotation>$\\mathfrak {a}$</annotation>\n </semantics></math>. Moreover, the assumption <math>\n <semantics>\n <msub>\n <mtext>AC</mtext>\n <mrow>\n <mo>≤</mo>\n <mi>n</mi>\n </mrow>\n </msub>\n <annotation>$\\mbox{\\textsf {AC}}_{\\le n}$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> cannot be removed for <math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>n</mi>\n <mo>></mo>\n <mn>2</mn>\n </mrow>\n <annotation>$n>2$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> and the superscript <math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>n</mi>\n <mo>+</mo>\n <mn>1</mn>\n </mrow>\n <annotation>$n+1$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> cannot be replaced by <i>n</i>. We also show under <math>\n <semantics>\n <msub>\n <mtext>AC</mtext>\n <mrow>\n <mo>≤</mo>\n <mi>n</mi>\n </mrow>\n </msub>\n <annotation>$\\mbox{\\textsf {AC}}_{\\le n}$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> that for any infinite cardinal <math>\n <semantics>\n <mi>a</mi>\n <annotation>$\\mathfrak {a}$</annotation>\n </semantics></math>, <math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <msub>\n <mi>S</mi>\n <mi>n</mi>\n </msub>\n <mrow>\n <mo>(</mo>\n <mi>a</mi>\n <mo>)</mo>\n </mrow>\n <mo>≤</mo>\n <msup>\n <mrow>\n <mo>[</mo>\n <mi>a</mi>\n <mo>]</mo>\n </mrow>\n <mi>n</mi>\n </msup>\n </mrow>\n <annotation>$\\mathcal {S}_n(\\mathfrak {a})\\le [\\mathfrak {a}]^n$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> implies <math>\n <semantics>\n <mi>a</mi>\n <annotation>$\\mathfrak {a}$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> is Dedekind-infinite.</p>","PeriodicalId":49864,"journal":{"name":"Mathematical Logic Quarterly","volume":"69 3","pages":"341-346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4000,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The permutations with n non-fixed points and the subsets with n elements of a set\",\"authors\":\"Supakun Panasawatwong, Pimpen Vejjajiva\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/malq.202300005\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>We write <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <msub>\\n <mi>S</mi>\\n <mi>n</mi>\\n </msub>\\n <mrow>\\n <mo>(</mo>\\n <mi>a</mi>\\n <mo>)</mo>\\n </mrow>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation>$\\\\mathcal {S}_n(\\\\mathfrak {a})$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> and <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <msup>\\n <mrow>\\n <mo>[</mo>\\n <mi>a</mi>\\n <mo>]</mo>\\n </mrow>\\n <mi>n</mi>\\n </msup>\\n <annotation>$[\\\\mathfrak {a}]^n$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> for the cardinalities of the set of permutations with <i>n</i> non-fixed points and the set of subsets with <i>n</i> elements, respectively, of a set which is of cardinality <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mi>a</mi>\\n <annotation>$\\\\mathfrak {a}$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math>, where <i>n</i> is a natural number greater than 1. With the Axiom of Choice, <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <msub>\\n <mi>S</mi>\\n <mi>n</mi>\\n </msub>\\n <mrow>\\n <mo>(</mo>\\n <mi>a</mi>\\n <mo>)</mo>\\n </mrow>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation>$\\\\mathcal {S}_n(\\\\mathfrak {a})$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> and <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <msup>\\n <mrow>\\n <mo>[</mo>\\n <mi>a</mi>\\n <mo>]</mo>\\n </mrow>\\n <mi>n</mi>\\n </msup>\\n <annotation>$[\\\\mathfrak {a}]^n$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> are equal for all infinite cardinals <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mi>a</mi>\\n <annotation>$\\\\mathfrak {a}$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math>. We show, in <span>ZF</span>, that if <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <msub>\\n <mtext>AC</mtext>\\n <mrow>\\n <mo>≤</mo>\\n <mi>n</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n </msub>\\n <annotation>$\\\\mbox{\\\\textsf {AC}}_{\\\\le n}$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> is assumed, then <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <msup>\\n <mrow>\\n <mo>[</mo>\\n <mi>a</mi>\\n <mo>]</mo>\\n </mrow>\\n <mi>n</mi>\\n </msup>\\n <mo>≤</mo>\\n <msub>\\n <mi>S</mi>\\n <mi>n</mi>\\n </msub>\\n <mrow>\\n <mo>(</mo>\\n <mi>a</mi>\\n <mo>)</mo>\\n </mrow>\\n <mo>≤</mo>\\n <msup>\\n <mrow>\\n <mo>[</mo>\\n <mi>a</mi>\\n <mo>]</mo>\\n </mrow>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>n</mi>\\n <mo>+</mo>\\n <mn>1</mn>\\n </mrow>\\n </msup>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation>$[\\\\mathfrak {a}]^n\\\\le \\\\mathcal {S}_n(\\\\mathfrak {a})\\\\le [\\\\mathfrak {a}]^{n+1}$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> for any infinite cardinal <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mi>a</mi>\\n <annotation>$\\\\mathfrak {a}$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math>. Moreover, the assumption <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <msub>\\n <mtext>AC</mtext>\\n <mrow>\\n <mo>≤</mo>\\n <mi>n</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n </msub>\\n <annotation>$\\\\mbox{\\\\textsf {AC}}_{\\\\le n}$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> cannot be removed for <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>n</mi>\\n <mo>></mo>\\n <mn>2</mn>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation>$n>2$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> and the superscript <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>n</mi>\\n <mo>+</mo>\\n <mn>1</mn>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation>$n+1$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> cannot be replaced by <i>n</i>. We also show under <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <msub>\\n <mtext>AC</mtext>\\n <mrow>\\n <mo>≤</mo>\\n <mi>n</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n </msub>\\n <annotation>$\\\\mbox{\\\\textsf {AC}}_{\\\\le n}$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> that for any infinite cardinal <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mi>a</mi>\\n <annotation>$\\\\mathfrak {a}$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math>, <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <msub>\\n <mi>S</mi>\\n <mi>n</mi>\\n </msub>\\n <mrow>\\n <mo>(</mo>\\n <mi>a</mi>\\n <mo>)</mo>\\n </mrow>\\n <mo>≤</mo>\\n <msup>\\n <mrow>\\n <mo>[</mo>\\n <mi>a</mi>\\n <mo>]</mo>\\n </mrow>\\n <mi>n</mi>\\n </msup>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation>$\\\\mathcal {S}_n(\\\\mathfrak {a})\\\\le [\\\\mathfrak {a}]^n$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> implies <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mi>a</mi>\\n <annotation>$\\\\mathfrak {a}$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> is Dedekind-infinite.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":49864,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Mathematical Logic Quarterly\",\"volume\":\"69 3\",\"pages\":\"341-346\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.4000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-08-04\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Mathematical Logic Quarterly\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"100\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/malq.202300005\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"数学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q4\",\"JCRName\":\"LOGIC\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Mathematical Logic Quarterly","FirstCategoryId":"100","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/malq.202300005","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"LOGIC","Score":null,"Total":0}
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