精选集简介:变化条件下的水资源规划与管理——伊利诺伊州的经验

IF 2.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL
Laura L. Keefer
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引用次数: 0

摘要

ISWS,连同伊利诺伊州自然历史调查局(est.1961)和伊利诺伊州地质调查局(est.1905),于1917年从伊利诺伊大学转出,由伊利诺伊州注册和教育部管理,最终被转移到伊利诺伊州能源和自然资源部,然后转移到新的伊利诺伊州自然资源部。2008年,科学调查回到了它的起点伊利诺伊大学,在草原研究所的保护下,增加了伊利诺伊州可持续发展与技术中心和伊利诺伊州考古调查。草原研究所共有800多名科学家、技术人员、博士后、研究附属机构、访问学者、学生和行政支持人员,从事有利于伊利诺伊州、国家和世界人民、经济和环境的变革性科学。从一开始,科学调查就一直位于伊利诺伊大学校园内,并继续利用与教职员工合作的共同利益。本期纪念ISWS成立125周年的特刊中发表的论文只是ISWS科学家和同事目前的贡献和研究的代表,旨在展示伊利诺伊州在不断变化的条件下,特别是在气候变化的情况下,在水资源规划和管理方面的经验。他们在供水规划遗产的基础上,结合了伊利诺伊州的未来需求和气候不确定性,包括伊利诺伊州降水频率标准的重大更新。理解不确定性和偏差的主题继续评估地下水静压头测量,以了解水位变化。当然,预测气候变化的影响对许多水资源问题至关重要,作者讨论了哪些气候综合方法产生的不确定性较小的气候模型输出。美国农业用地的养分损失不仅是作物产量损失的问题,也是下游影响的问题。冬季覆盖作物在减少硝酸盐、磷和沉积物负荷方面有很大的前景。作者提出了干旱年份对下游水库蓄水量可能产生的不利影响。伊利诺伊河流域分析表明,尽管有点源和非点源的努力,但磷负荷的空间和时间变化会影响近期磷的增加。ISWS拥有长期数据集,有助于改进模型校准,以捕获浅层含水层中的氯化物积累。水库为人口和工业服务,因此了解水库的流出对水资源规划和管理至关重要。比较三种机器学习模型的性能表明,它们有望模拟油藏出流。最后,伊利诺伊州和中国的同事测试了一个理论框架,以更好地理解水文事件的双变量重现期,这对水工结构的设计标准很重要。ISWS继续发展和调整研究需求,如前125所示 年,并期待在未来125年向社会提供基于科学的信息 年。为了进一步了解ISWS的历史,建议使用以下出版物:
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Featured collection introduction: Water resources planning and management under changing conditions—Experience of Illinois

The ISWS, along with the Illinois Natural History Survey (est. 1861) and Illinois State Geological Survey (est. 1905), were transferred out of the University of Illinois in 1917 to be administered by the Illinois Department of Registration and Education, eventually being transferred to the Illinois Department of Energy and Natural Resources and then to a new Illinois Department of Natural Resources. In 2008, the Scientific Surveys came home to where it all started, the University of Illinois, under the umbrella of the Prairie Research Institute with the addition of the Illinois Sustainability and Technology Center and Illinois State Archeological Survey. Together, the Prairie Research Institute has over 800 scientists, technicians, post-docs, research affiliates, visiting scholars, students, and administrative support staff, conducting transformative science that benefits the people, economy, and environment of Illinois, the nation, and the world. From their inception, the Scientific Surveys have always been located on the University of Illinois campus and continues to capitalize on the mutual benefits of collaboration with faculty and staff.

The papers presented in this special issue marking the 125th anniversary founding of the ISWS are but a representation of the current contributions and research being conducted by ISWS scientists and colleagues, aiming to demonstrate what Illinois experiences in water resources planning and management under changing conditions, especially changing climate. They build on water supply planning legacy by incorporating future demands and climate uncertainties in Illinois, including the major updating of Illinois precipitation frequency standards. The theme of understanding uncertainties and bias continues in evaluating groundwater static head measurements to understand water-level variability. Of course, projecting climate change impacts is paramount to many water resource issues and authors discuss which climate ensemble approaches produce less uncertain climate model outputs. Nutrient losses in US agricultural lands are an issue not only for loss of crop production but downstream impacts. Winter cover crops have much promise for reducing nitrate, phosphorus, and sediment loads. Authors present possible detrimental impacts on storage volumes for downstream reservoirs in drought years. An Illinois River watershed analysis presents evidence that spatial and temporal shift in phosphorus loading affects recent increases in phosphorus despite point and nonpoint source efforts. The ISWS has long-term datasets which contributed to improved model calibration to capture chloride accumulation in shallow aquifers. Reservoirs serve populations and industry so understanding outflows from them is important for water resource planning and management. Comparing performance of three machine learning models shows promise for simulating reservoir outflow. Finally, colleagues in Illinois and China test a theoretical framework to better understand bivariate return periods of hydrological events, which is important for design criteria of hydraulic structures.

The ISWS continues to evolve and adjust research needs, as demonstrated by the first 125 years, and look forward to providing science-based information to societies in the next 125 years.

For further reading on ISWS history, the following publications are recommended:

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来源期刊
Journal of The American Water Resources Association
Journal of The American Water Resources Association 环境科学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
12.50%
发文量
100
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: JAWRA seeks to be the preeminent scholarly publication on multidisciplinary water resources issues. JAWRA papers present ideas derived from multiple disciplines woven together to give insight into a critical water issue, or are based primarily upon a single discipline with important applications to other disciplines. Papers often cover the topics of recent AWRA conferences such as riparian ecology, geographic information systems, adaptive management, and water policy. JAWRA authors present work within their disciplinary fields to a broader audience. Our Associate Editors and reviewers reflect this diversity to ensure a knowledgeable and fair review of a broad range of topics. We particularly encourage submissions of papers which impart a ''take home message'' our readers can use.
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