未来的食物,饮食因素和健康跨度

IF 5.2 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Kaiqiang Li , Chong Wang , Yanbo Wang , Linglin Fu , Nianshu Zhang
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引用次数: 2

摘要

衰老是一种普遍的生理功能下降,伴随着发病、疾病和死亡风险的增加。从简单的模式生物到哺乳动物,在没有营养不良的情况下限制热量(CR)已被证明可以延长寿命,过去几十年的广泛研究已经确定了CR调节寿命的几种普遍保守的信号通路。最近,新出现的证据表明,调节大量营养素和微量营养素的摄入水平也会影响模式生物的健康寿命。这些发现提出了通过个性化营养促进人类健康衰老和长寿的潜在前景和成本效益高的方法。在这篇综述中,我们总结了CR促进健康和寿命的机制,重点是线粒体活性氧(ROS)和几种普遍保守的促性腺激素保护营养传感途径(胰岛素/胰岛素样生长因子(IGF-1)、AMP活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)、mTOR)。我们进一步讨论了不断积累的数据,这些数据支持饮食模式、营养摄入水平(包括常量营养素和微量营养素)和功能性食品的变化可以通过作用于营养传感和免疫保护途径的关键成分来影响健康,为未来抗衰老饮食和饮食制度的研究和开发提供基本支持。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Future foods, dietary factors and healthspan

Ageing is a universal decline of physiological functions accompanied by an increase in risks of developing morbidity, diseases, and death. Calorie restriction (CR) without malnutrition has been shown to improve lifespan from simple model organisms to mammals, and extensive research over the past decades have identified several universally conserved signalling pathways by which CR regulates lifespan. More recently, emerging evidence has suggested that modulation of intake levels of macronutrients and micronutrients can also impact healthspan and lifespan in model organisms. These findings propose potentially promising and cost-effective approaches to promote healthy ageing and longevity in humans through personalised nutrition. In this review, we summarise the mechanisms by which CR promotes healthspan and longevity, focusing on the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and several universally conserved geroprotective nutrient-sensing pathways (insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mTOR). We further discuss the accumulating data supporting that changes in dietary pattern, levels of nutrient intake (both macronutrient and micronutrient) and functional foods can impact healthspan through acting on the key components of nutrient-sensing and immunoprotective pathways, providing fundamental support for future research and development of anti-ageing diets and dietary regimes.

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CiteScore
5.80
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