Sclerosing stromal tumor of the ovary: Two case reports and literature review

Introduction

Sclerosing stromal tumors (SSTs) are rare benign ovarian tumors. They represent 6% of sex cord stromal tumors. Its preoperative diagnosis is often a challenge due to its similarity to malignant tumors on ultrasound imaging. We present two cases of SSTs to emphasize the consideration of this type of tumors in the differential diagnosis of solid adnexal masses in young women. A review of the literature on the typical ultrasound features, clinical presentation, and management of SSTs was performed.

Main symptoms and/or clinical findings

Pelvic pain was the main symptom in both cases. In the first case, transvaginal ultrasound revealed an unilocular solid adnexal mass of 59 mm × 44 mm × 45 mm with cystic areas and marked peripheral and central vascularization. MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) revealed a 50 mm × 50 mm heterogeneous adnexal mass with a solid peripheral component and a cystic-necrotic center. In the second case, pelvic ultrasound showed a solid cystic adnexal mass of 103 mm × 77 mm with marked peripheral vascularity.

Main diagnoses

Postoperative anatomopathological diagnosis in both cases was an ovarian SST.

Therapeutic interventions and results

Unilateral laparoscopic salpingo-oophorectomy and oophorectomy, respectively, was performed without incidents. There has been no recurrence during follow-up.

Conclusion

It is important to consider SSTs in the differential diagnosis of young women with a unilateral solid-cystic adnexal mass with a high degree of peripheral and central vascularization. Laparoscopic approach together with fertility-sparing techniques should be considered the treatment of choice.