Noncoding RNAs: a new frontier in regulation of exercise-induced physiological cardiac hypertrophy

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the world. The benefits of exercise training for cardiovascular diseases are becoming increasingly apparent. Exercise has been shown to induce physiological cardiac hypertrophy and prevent cardiovascular diseases. Therapeutic targeting of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) is a promising approach for the treatment of many diseases. In the cardiovascular system, ncRNAs also significantly affect the maintenance of cardiac homeostasis and cardiac function. In this short review, we provided an overview of cardiac hypertrophy, with a particular focus on physiological cardiac hypertrophy. We also summarized the current knowledge about ncRNAs-regulatory mechanisms responsible for exercise-induced physiological cardiac hypertrophy. Moreover, the perspective of further exercise-associated ncRNAs research in this field was discussed.