超越PLFA:同时提取中性和糖脂脂肪酸为土壤微生物群落提供了新的见解

IF 9.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE
Stefan Gorka , Sean Darcy , Julia Horak , Bruna Imai , Moritz Mohrlok , Erika Salas , Andreas Richter , Hannes Schmidt , Wolfgang Wanek , Christina Kaiser , Alberto Canarini
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引用次数: 1

摘要

磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)分析是用于量化土壤微生物丰度和分析群落结构的最常见方法之一。PLFA提取方法可以产生另外两种脂质组分——中性脂质和糖脂——它们可能包含关于土壤微生物群落的额外、有价值的信息。然而,它对完全中性脂质(NLFA)和糖脂脂肪酸(GLFA)图谱的定量敏感性从未得到验证。在这项研究中,我们测试了(i)高通量PLFA方法是否可以扩展到同时提取完整的NLFA和GLFA图谱以及甾醇,(ii)在纯培养菌株中的三种脂质组分中是否保留了标志性脂肪酸的分类特异性,以及(iii)NLFA和GL FA是否允许与PLFA分析相同程度的土壤特异性指纹图谱。通过用2%乙醇调节氯仿的极性进行固相萃取,将纯脂质标准品完全分离为中性脂质、糖脂和磷脂。中性脂质组分中洗脱的甾醇和与磷脂共洗脱的甜菜碱脂质。通过分析代表土壤微生物的纯培养提取物,我们发现三种脂质组分的脂肪酸标记具有一致的分类特异性。然而,来自土壤提取物的脂肪酸图谱显示,PLFA、NLFA和GLFA之间的差异比土壤类型之间的差异更大。这表明PLFA和NLFA表示不同的群落特性(假定为生物量与碳储量),并且GLFA是表现与PLFA不同的群落性状的敏感标记。尽管我们一直在真菌提取物中发现高丰度的特征甾醇,但PLFA提取方法只能从土壤提取物中产生极少量的麦角甾醇。我们认为,同时测量所有三种脂质组分的脂肪酸图谱是对PLFA方法的低工作量和潜在的信息丰富的补充,并讨论了其在土壤微生物群落分析中的适用性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Beyond PLFA: Concurrent extraction of neutral and glycolipid fatty acids provides new insights into soil microbial communities

The analysis of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) is one of the most common methods used to quantify the abundance, and analyse the community structure, of soil microbes. The PLFA extraction method can yield two additional lipid fractions—neutral lipids and glycolipids—which potentially hold additional, valuable information on soil microbial communities. Yet its quantitative sensitivity on complete neutral lipid (NLFA) and glycolipid fatty acid (GLFA) profiles has never been validated. In this study we tested (i) if the high-throughput PLFA method can be expanded to concurrently extract complete NLFA and GLFA profiles, as well as sterols, (ii) whether taxonomic specificities of signature fatty acids are retained across the three lipid fractions in pure culture strains, and (iii) whether NLFAs and GLFAs allow soil-specific fingerprinting to the same extent as PLFA analysis. By adjusting the polarity of chloroform with 2% ethanol for solid phase extraction, pure lipid standards were fully fractionated into neutral lipids, glycolipids, and phospholipids. Sterols eluted in the neutral lipid fraction, and a betaine lipid co-eluted with phospholipids. We found consistent taxonomic specificities of fatty acid markers across the three lipid fractions by analysing pure culture extracts representative of soil microbes. Fatty acid profiles from soil extracts, however, showed stronger differences between PLFAs, NLFAs, and GLFAs than between soil types. This indicates that PLFAs and NLFAs signify different community properties (biomass vs. carbon storage, putatively), and that GLFAs are sensitive markers for community traits which behave differently than PLFAs. Although we consistently found high abundances of characteristic sterols in fungal extracts, the PLFA extraction method only yielded miniscule amounts of ergosterol from soil extracts. We argue that concomitant measurement of fatty acid profiles from all three lipid fractions is a low-effort and potentially information-rich addition to the PLFA method, and discuss its applicability for soil microbial community analyses.

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来源期刊
Soil Biology & Biochemistry
Soil Biology & Biochemistry 农林科学-土壤科学
CiteScore
16.90
自引率
9.30%
发文量
312
审稿时长
49 days
期刊介绍: Soil Biology & Biochemistry publishes original research articles of international significance focusing on biological processes in soil and their applications to soil and environmental quality. Major topics include the ecology and biochemical processes of soil organisms, their effects on the environment, and interactions with plants. The journal also welcomes state-of-the-art reviews and discussions on contemporary research in soil biology and biochemistry.
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