Indian carbonatites in the global tectonic context

Chrono-tectonic settings of the carbonatite occurrences of India are reviewed with a focus on the “big picture” of carbonatite emplacements in the Indian plate in relation to global tectonic events associated with the amalgamation and breakup of supercontinents. Four chrono-tectonic domains, namely, Southern domain, Southeastern domain, Northeastern domain and Northwestern domain, are delineated based on the geographical distribution, tectonic settings and temporal relationships amongst the carbonatite complexes. The Southern domain comprises two sub-domains – Paleoproterozic and Neoproterozoic. The Paleoproterozoic sub-domain is related to extension due to relaxation after the Southern Granulite Terrain-Dharwar accretion, while the Neoproterozoic sub-domain is related to rifting related to the fragmentation of Rodinia. The Southeastern domain is related to the Mesoproterozoic fragmentation of Columbia. The Northeastern domain is related to the Mid-Cretaceous breakup of Greater India from Australia-Antarctica driven by the Kerguelen mantle plume that also produced the Rajmahal-Sylhet Large Igneous Province (LIP). The Northwestern domain is related to the Late-Cretaceous Indo-Seychelles-Madagascar split and the passage of Greater India over the reunion hotspot, which also produced the Deccan LIP.