SPH approach for stability analysis of soil slope with variable permeabilities

A simulation framework based on meshless method has become an alternative numerical tool to model many deformation problems in geotechnical engineering. Large deformations in the failure zone can alter porosity, permeability etc., which in turn can affect the process of the failure. In this paper, a two-phase model in the framework of Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is introduced to model the interaction between water and soil through drag forces according to Darcy’s law. Changes in soil porosity and associated permeability are automatically adjusted within this framework. Firstly, two different problems i.e., flow through porous media and fluidized bed problem, are investigated to examine the suitability, and stability of the proposed SPH method. Then, the stability analysis of a soil slope under different water level conditions is performed with the strength reduction technique, and the groundwater effect of the slope is simulated. It is found that owing to the negative impact of seepage on soil slope, the horizontal displacement of the slope can be significantly larger. Afterwards, the influence of the variable permeabilities on the slope failure is investigated. The simulation results show that the change in permeability has a slight effect on the slope. Although the calculated safety factor does not change, the sliding distance differs by about 10%. The initial porosity has a large negative influence on the stability of the slope. The developed SPH model has been shown to be a valuable and effective tool for modelling complex problems that are challenging to be addressed with traditional approaches.