Moorella thermoacetica: A promising cytochrome- and quinone-containing acetogenic bacterium as platform for a CO2-based bioeconomy

The negative effect of fossil-based industrial processes on the environment, especially the contribution to global warming by emitting greenhouse gases such as CO₂ causes a global threat to mankind. Therefore, technologies are demanded by the society for a sustainable and environmental friendly economy. The biotechnological use of sugar-based feedstocks to produce valuable products are in conflict with, for example, food production. In order to overcome this issue, waste products such as syngas (H₂, CO and CO₂) or CO₂ taken from the atmosphere are of increasing interest for biotechnological applications. Acetogenic bacteria are already used at industrial scale to produce sustainable and environmentally friendly biofuels from syngas. A promising candidate due to its physiological flexibility is the thermophilic acetogen Moorella thermoacetica. In contrast to most acetogens M. thermoacetica is not restricted to one energy conserving system. In addition to the Ech complex, cytochromes and quinones maybe involved in energy conservation by, for example, DMSO respiration. The extra energy conserved can be used to form highly valuable but energy demanding products. In this review we give insights into the physiology of this acetogen, the current state of the art of M. thermoacetica as a platform for biotechnological applications and discuss future perspectives.