Toxic leadership as a predictor of physical and psychological withdrawal behaviours in the healthcare sector.

The current study aims to examine how toxic management styles can lead to both psychological and physical withdrawal of employees in the healthcare sector. The quantitative approach was used in this research. Preliminary data was collected through online questionnaires from 413 employees working in private and public hospitals and health centers in France. Structural equation modeling was used to test the research hypotheses in the SmartPLS program. The research results indicate a direct positive effect of two styles of toxic leadership (unpredictability and authoritarian leadership) on physical withdrawal behaviors. The results also showed that self-promotion and unpredictability positively affect psychological withdrawal behaviors in hospitals and health centers. The results of the research can be useful for managing health centers to remove the behaviors of toxic leaders from the work environment and protect and support staff so that they can continue carrying out their duties.