Using Aerospace Methods in Soil Research

The use of aerospace techniques in soil science gave a significant impetus to the development of soil mapping and monitoring of soil cover. Back in the 30s of the twentieth century, there were significant opportunities for the use of remote images in the preparation of detailed soil maps and for assessing the state of crops. Remote methods for studying the soil cover are based on the fact that different in origin and degrees of secondary changes in the soil in different ways reflect, absorb and emit electromagnetic waves from different zones of the spectrum. As a result, each soil object has its own spectral-brightness image captured on aerial and space images. The ground-based spectral reflectivity has been adequately studied, and in this connection one should refer to the fundamental works of I. I. Karmanov, who measured spectral reflection coefficients in the range 400–750 nm with a spectrophotometer SF-10 more than 4 thousand s. soil samples and other authors [1-6].