Deep convolutional neural networks for classifying breast cancer using infrared thermography

ABSTRACT Infrared thermography is a technique that can detect anomalies in temperature patterns which can indicate some breast pathologies including breast cancer. One limitation of the method is the absence of standardised thermography interpretation procedures. Deep learning models have been used for pattern recognition and classification of objects and have been adopted as an adjunct methodology in medical imaging diagnosis. In this paper, the use of a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning is proposed to automatically classify thermograms into two classes (normal and abnormal). A population of 311 female subjects was considered analysing two approaches to test the CNN’s performance: one with a balanced class distribution and the second study in a typical screening cohort, with a low prevalence of abnormal thermograms. Results showed that the transfer-learned ResNet-101 model had a sensitivity of 92.3% and a specificity of 53.8%, while with an unbalanced distribution the values were 84.6% and 65.3%, respectively. These results suggest that the model presented in this work can classify abnormal thermograms with high sensitivity which validates the use of infrared thermography as an adjunct method for breast cancer screening.