共生菌根与内生植物真菌组合的关系及其对寄主植物的影响

IF 0.4 Q4 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
A. Kyslynska, O. Nadkernychna, Y. Kopylov, H. Tsekhmister
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引用次数: 0

摘要

目标综述文献,以建立主要互惠相互作用的机制,这些机制对于共生真菌作为生物肥料、生物保护剂和生物调节剂的潜在应用非常重要,以实现更可持续的农业绿化、土壤恢复和理解微共生体在自然生态系统中的作用。方法。科学文献的比较分析。后果根菌根是促进植物生长、激活代谢过程和改善宏观生物发育的重要因素。菌根形成在被子植物和裸子植物中很显著,但苔藓植物、蕨类植物和苔藓植物的许多代表也揭示了与真菌的(其他)密切共生关系。菌根真菌约占已鉴定真菌物种的10%,包括基本上所有的Glomeromycota和大部分的Ascomycota和Basidiomycota。根据真菌结构和微共生体在组织或细胞中的位置,区分了大共生体、丛枝菌根、类ericoid、类熊果苷、单原生体、兰花菌根和所谓的外生菌根和外生菌根。这篇综述概述了伴侣之间的信号相互作用以及营养交换或其他互利的双向机制。结论。微观腐生真菌能够穿透植物根系,在植物适应非生物和生物胁迫中发挥关键作用,对互惠共生体特别感兴趣。此外,腐生真菌在与植物形成互惠共生的同时,促进生物量的增加,增强植物的食物性状。相互作用的类型取决于微观共生体和宏观共生体;在某些情况下,对某些生物来说,它可能从互惠、共生到拮抗,甚至寄生,表现出互惠进化以及植物和真菌共同居住和/或进化的不同阶段。更好地了解共生微生物在生态系统中的不同作用,将改善其在农业中的应用方式。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The relation between mutualistic mycorrhiza and endophytic plant-fungus associations and their effect on host plants
Aim. A review of the literature to establish the mechanisms of the main mutualistic interactions that are important for the potential application of symbiotic fungi as biofertilizers, bioprotectors and bioregulators for more sustainable and so-called greening agriculture, soil restoration and understanding the role of microsymbionts in natural ecosystems. Methods. Comparative analysis of scientific literature. Results. Root mycorrhization is a potent factor of plant growth intensification, metabolic processes activation and macro-organism development improvement. Mycorrhiza formation is notable for angiosperms and gymnosperms, yet many representatives of bryophytes, ferns, and mosses also reveal (other) close symbiotic relations with fungi. Mycorrhizal fungi account for about 10 % of identified fungal species, including essentially all of the Glomeromycota and substantial fractions of the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. De- pending on the fungal structures and microsymbiont position in tissues or cells of the macrosymbiont, arbuscular, ericoid, arbutoid, monotropoid, orchid mycorrhiza and so-called ectendomycorrhiza, and ectomycorrhiza are distinguished. This review gives an overview of the signalling interaction between partners and the bidirectional mechanism of nutrient exchange or other mutual benefits. Conclusions. Microscopic saprophytic fungi, capable of penetrating plant roots and playing a critical role in plant adaptation to abiotic and biotic stressors, are of special interest in mutualistic symbioses. In addition, while forming mutualistic symbioses with plants, the saprophytic fungi promote bio- mass increase and enhance the food traits of plants. The type of interaction depends on both micro- and macrosymbiot; it may in some cases and for some organisms fluctuate from mutualistic, commensalistic to antagonistic, even parasitic interactions, demonstrating different stages of mutualism evolution and co-habitation and/or evolution of plants and fungi. A better understanding of the diverse roles of symbiotic microorganisms in ecosystems will improve the ways of their application in agriculture.
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Agricultural Science and Practice
Agricultural Science and Practice AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
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