随机热力学可观测度的时间尺度关系

IF 4.3 3区 工程技术 Q1 MECHANICS
Erez Aghion, Jason R. Green
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要任何产生熵、以热的形式耗散能量或产生机械功的真实物理过程都必须在有限的时间尺度上进行。最近导出的热力学速度限制使用过程的内在时间尺度对这些可观测值进行了限制。在这里,我们导出了任何复合随机可观测的热力学速度在其单个分量的时间尺度方面的关系。从这些速度极限中,我们找到了以热和功交换能量的随机过程的热效率的边界,并约束了具有熵产生和熵流动的系统中的熵变化率。使用外部时钟设置的时间,我们找到第一次达到熵产生任何值的时间的界限。举例来说,我们计算了布朗粒子在恒温水浴和时间相关外力作用下在空间中扩散的这些边界。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Relations between timescales of stochastic thermodynamic observables
Abstract Any real physical process that produces entropy, dissipates energy as heat, or generates mechanical work must do so on a finite timescale. Recently derived thermodynamic speed limits place bounds on these observables using intrinsic timescales of the process. Here, we derive relationships for the thermodynamic speeds for any composite stochastic observable in terms of the timescales of its individual components. From these speed limits, we find bounds on thermal efficiency of stochastic processes exchanging energy as heat and work and bound the rate of entropy change in a system with entropy production and flow. Using the time set by an external clock, we find bounds on the first time to reach any value for the entropy production. As an illustration, we compute these bounds for Brownian particles diffusing in space subject to a constant-temperature heat bath and a time-dependent external force.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
9.10
自引率
18.20%
发文量
31
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics serves as an international publication organ for new ideas, insights and results on non-equilibrium phenomena in science, engineering and related natural systems. The central aim of the journal is to provide a bridge between science and engineering and to promote scientific exchange on a) newly observed non-equilibrium phenomena, b) analytic or numeric modeling for their interpretation, c) vanguard methods to describe non-equilibrium phenomena. Contributions should – among others – present novel approaches to analyzing, modeling and optimizing processes of engineering relevance such as transport processes of mass, momentum and energy, separation of fluid phases, reproduction of living cells, or energy conversion. The journal is particularly interested in contributions which add to the basic understanding of non-equilibrium phenomena in science and engineering, with systems of interest ranging from the macro- to the nano-level. The Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics has recently expanded its scope to place new emphasis on theoretical and experimental investigations of non-equilibrium phenomena in thermophysical, chemical, biochemical and abstract model systems of engineering relevance. We are therefore pleased to invite submissions which present newly observed non-equilibrium phenomena, analytic or fuzzy models for their interpretation, or new methods for their description.
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