自由选择和同质化

IF 16.4 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Accounts of Chemical Research Pub Date : 2019-11-15 DOI:10.3765/sp.12.23

Simon Goldstein

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引用次数: 19

摘要

本文提出了一个解决自由选择权限之谜的语义解决方案。本文从一系列不可能结果开始，这些结果表明自由选择与各种经典原则相矛盾，包括不相交引入和排除中间律。最有趣的是，自由选择似乎与否定条件下自由选择行为的一项原则不兼容，即双重禁止，即玛丽不能喝汤或沙拉意味着玛丽不能喝奶，玛丽不能吃沙拉。Alonso Ovalle 2006和其他人呼吁双重禁令，以激励对自由选择的务实描述。Aher 2012、Aloni 2018和其他人开发了自由选择的语义解释，也解释了双重禁止。本文对自由选择进行了一种新的语义分析，旨在处理自由选择中涉及的所有不可能结果。本文提出了自由选择是同质效应的假说。只有当A和B在模态状态上是同质的，或者都是可能的，或者两者都是不可能的时，才能定义可能的A或B。该理论与对可定义性条件敏感的蕴涵概念相结合，验证了自由选择，同时保留了除蕴涵的及物性之外的各种经典原则。同质假设以两种不同的方式实现，同质替代语义和同质动态语义，具有有趣的不同结果。早期访问

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Free choice and homogeneity

This paper develops a semantic solution to the puzzle of Free Choice permission. The paper begins with a battery of impossibility results showing that Free Choice is in tension with a variety of classical principles, including Disjunction Introduction and the Law of Excluded Middle. Most interestingly, Free Choice appears incompatible with a principle concerning the behavior of Free Choice under negation, Double Prohibition, which says that Mary can’t have soup or salad implies Mary can’t have soup and Mary can’t have salad. Alonso-Ovalle 2006 and others have appealed to Double Prohibition to motivate pragmatic accounts of Free Choice. Aher 2012, Aloni 2018, and others have developed semantic accounts of Free Choice that also explain Double Prohibition. This paper offers a new semantic analysis of Free Choice designed to handle the full range of impossibility results involved in Free Choice. The paper develops the hypothesis that Free Choice is a homogeneity effect. The claim possibly A or B is defined only when A and B are homogenous with respect to their modal status, either both possible or both impossible. Paired with a notion of entailment that is sensitive to definedness conditions, this theory validates Free Choice while retaining a wide variety of classical principles except for the transitivity of entailment. The homogeneity hypothesis is implemented in two different ways, homogeneous alternative semantics and homogeneous dynamic semantics, with interestingly different consequences. EARLY ACCESS

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来源期刊

Accounts of Chemical Research 化学-化学综合

CiteScore

31.40

自引率

1.10%

发文量

312

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance. Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.