Polydatin as a potential candidate that alleviates lead poisoning: insights from biochemical and oxidative damage in lead-induced Wistar rats

Lead is one of the most common heavy metal elements and has high biological toxicity. Polydatin (PD), also known as piceid (3, 4′, 5-trihydroxystilbene-3-β-D-glucoside), is a monocrystalline compound isolated from Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc. (Polygonaceae), but is also found in fruits and many daily diets. Aim of this research is polydatin as a potential candidate that alleviates lead poisoning: insights from biochemical and oxidative damage in lead-Induced Wistar rats. The study employed 42 Wistar rats of 90 days of age (150–200 g) which were randomly divided into six (6) groups and used for sub-chronic toxicity study according to OECD 407 guideline were lead acetate (PbAc) was administered for 90 days and followed by treatment with PD for 30 days. Control DW (1 mL/kg); PbAc (120 mg/kg); PbAc (120 mg/kg) + PD (250 mg/kg); PbAc (120 mg/kg) + PD (500 mg/kg); PbAc (120 mg/kg) + PD (1000 mg/kg); and PbAc (120 mg/kg) + DMSA (10 mg/kg) daily for 16 weeks per oral. At the end of treatment period, blood, plasma and organs samples were evaluated for blood lead levels (BLLs), biochemical parameters, oxidative stress markers and histopathology. PD and DMSA significantly (p < 0.05) reduced liver indices of PbAc-induced toxicity in rats with the exceptions of total and direct bilirubin which were significantly (p < 0.05) elevated. PD and DMSA significantly (p < 0.05) restored levels of renal indices and lipid profiles in PbAc-induced toxicity in rats by reducing the levels in serum and the effects were dose depended in all parameters. Furthermore, PD and DMSA also alleviate PbAc-induced MDA, GSH levels and inhibition of CAT and SOD in rats. PD alleviates lead poisoning through its ability to improve biochemical and oxidative damage in lead-induced rats. The overall findings shows that polydatin alleviates lead poisoning which might be due its ability to improve biochemical and oxidative damage through stabilizing the levels GSH, MDA and activities of SOD, CAT in lead-induced toxicity in Wistar rats.