Ocorrências de anáforas encapsuladoras em redações do Enem

This paper aims to verify how encapsulating anaphors – also known as encapsulations – are used as evaluative labels in the genre “essay for Enem”. Firstly, we underline the relevance of anaphors for referential processes, since they contribute to the textual cohesion. Secondly, we reinforce the role of anaphoric encapsulation in both summarizing and labeling textual portions, which builds discourse objects used in cohesion and, in the case of argumentative texts, in benefit to the author’s point of view (Koch, 2004; Cavalcante, 2005; Bertucci, 2006). The corpus consists in 31 essays graded to 1000 points, the maximal score. After selection, we quantified the anaphors, by distinguishing them in descriptive or argumentative ones. We verify that: i) only 2 essays had no encapsulating anaphors; ii) descriptive encapsulating anaphors are more frequent (79%); iii) only 2 essays had more argumentative encapsulating anaphors. From a qualitative perspective, we analyzed two essays. In both, the analyses corroborate to the comprehension that these anaphors are essentials to textual cohesion and, in the case of the genre essay for Enem, they are also essential to the author’s point of view about the theme.  Then, it is not by chance that they are maximal scored in the national Exam.