剥夺和酗酒在形成暴力犯罪趋势中的作用

IF 2 3区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

European Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2021-08-02 DOI:10.1177/14773708211036081

C. Lightowlers, J. Pina-Sánchez, Fiona McLaughlin

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引用次数: 7

摘要

众所周知，剥夺和酗酒都与暴力犯罪有关。然而，人们对前者是否会缓和后者知之甚少。我们率先将从消费者数据中得出的新的酒精供应量指标与警方数据和剥夺指数联系起来，研究了整个英格兰小规模地区暴力犯罪的不平等现象。我们的研究结果证实，2011年至2018年间，英格兰记录在案的暴力犯罪最近呈上升趋势，记录在案的犯罪在地区之间存在很大差异，在分析期间，LSOA的暴力犯罪不平等现象有所增加。在贫困和酒精供应增加的地区，暴力犯罪率更高，尤其是在有执照的场所。酒吧、酒吧和夜总会等形式的许可证可用性解释了记录在案的暴力犯罪的可变性，与非许可证的可用性相比更为明显。酒精供应（以许可经营场所的形式）和剥夺之间的积极互动效应表明，剥夺如何放大酒精供应的影响，而更贫困的地区对暴力犯罪的许可供应影响更大。因此，在考虑暴力的发生率和社会生态时，剥夺是一个重要的背景因素。我们的调查结果表明，有必要应对暴力对贫困程度更高、持照经营场所可用性更高的地区造成的不成比例的影响。

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The role of deprivation and alcohol availability in shaping trends in violent crime

It is well known that both deprivation and alcohol availability are associated with violent crime. However, less is known about whether the former moderates the latter. Pioneering the linkage of novel alcohol availability measures derived from consumer data with police data and an index of deprivation, we examine inequalities in violent crime across small-level geography (LSOAs) for the whole of England. Our findings confirmed a recent upward trend in recorded violent crime in England between 2011 and 2018 and substantial between-area variability in recorded violent crime, as well as an increase in violent crime inequality across LSOAs during the period of analysis. Violent crime was higher in areas with increased deprivation and alcohol availability, especially in the form of on-licensed premises. On-licence availability, in the form of pubs, bars and nightclubs, explained variability in recorded violent crime more so when compared with off-licence availability. A positive interaction effect between alcohol availability (in the form of on-licensed premises) and deprivation showed how deprivation amplified the impact of alcohol availability, with more deprived areas having a stronger impact of on-licence availability on violent crime. Deprivation is thus an important contextual factor when considering rates and the social ecology of violence. Our findings suggest a need to respond to the disproportionate impact of violence on areas with higher levels of deprivation and availability of on-licensed premises.

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来源期刊

European Journal of Criminology CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY-

CiteScore

5.10

自引率

5.30%

发文量

期刊介绍： The European Journal of Criminology is a refereed journal published by SAGE publications and the European Society of Criminology. It provides a forum for research and scholarship on crime and criminal justice institutions. The journal published high quality articles using varied approaches, including discussion of theory, analysis of quantitative data, comparative studies, systematic evaluation of interventions, and study of institutions of political process. The journal also covers analysis of policy, but not description of policy developments. Priority is given to articles that are relevant to the wider Europe (within and beyond the EU) although findings may be drawn from other parts of the world.