解决运输外部性、经济方法及其风险

IF 1.5 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Z. Ríha, Iveta Dočkalíková, J. Tichý, Daniel Koštiaľ
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引用次数: 1

摘要

摘要人类活动对环境的影响不仅在自然科学中,而且在经济学中都是一个持续关注的问题。特别关注的是运输系统,它是所谓外部性的最大生产者之一。然而,它的监管可能意味着全球物流联系的严重中断,而全球物流联系对于维持国际和国内贸易、国内生产总值的形成至关重要,因此对于维持人类习惯的经济水平至关重要,并为人类带来人类历史上最高的生活质量。因此,本文探讨了解决人类活动与环境之间关系问题以及减少负外部性的可能途径和理论。处理外部性的典型方法包括英国经济学家亚瑟·皮古的理论,他提出应用各种税收和补贴来限制所谓的社会成本,而极端的解决方案是明确禁止某些活动。与这种方法相反的是被称为环境库兹涅茨曲线的理论,该理论阐述了环境破坏与特定地理区域的经济表现之间的关系。必须尊重的是,不能指望减少负外部性或其所谓的内部化是一个微不足道的解决方案。额外税收或补贴的应用可能会导致许多意想不到的后果,这些后果最终可能比外部性本身产生更大的负面经济影响。因此,本文的结论致力于从政府立场讨论此类监管干预的潜在风险。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Solving transportation externalities, economic approaches, and their risks
Abstract The impact of human activity on the environment is an ongoing concern not only in the natural sciences but also in economics. Special attention is focused on the transport system, which is one of the largest producers of so-called externalities. However, its regulation may mean a serious disruption of global logistics links, which are crucial for maintaining international and national trade, gross domestic product formation and, therefore, to maintain the economic level to which mankind is accustomed to and which brings a quality of human life that is the highest in the human history. The article, therefore, examines possible economic approaches and theories to the problem of the relationship between human activity and the environment and the possible reduction of negative externalities. Typical approaches to dealing with externalities include the theories of the English economist Arthur Pigou, who proposed the application of various taxes and subsidies to limit the so-called social costs, whereas the extreme solution is the explicit prohibition of certain activities. In contrast to this approach is the theory known as the environmental Kuznets curve, which states the relationship between environmental damage and the economic performance of a given geographical area. It must be respected that the reduction of negative externalities, or their so-called internalisation, cannot be expected to be a trivial solution. The application of additional taxes or subsidies can lead to many unintended consequences, which may ultimately have a greater negative economic impact than the externalities themselves. Therefore, the conclusion of this article is devoted to a discussion of the potential risks of such regulatory interventions from the government position.
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来源期刊
Open Engineering
Open Engineering ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
CiteScore
3.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
52
审稿时长
30 weeks
期刊介绍: Open Engineering publishes research results of wide interest in emerging interdisciplinary and traditional engineering fields, including: electrical and computer engineering, civil and environmental engineering, mechanical and aerospace engineering, material science and engineering. The journal is designed to facilitate the exchange of innovative and interdisciplinary ideas between researchers from different countries. Open Engineering is a peer-reviewed, English language journal. Researchers from non-English speaking regions are provided with free language correction by scientists who are native speakers. Additionally, each published article is widely promoted to researchers working in the same field.
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