青少年对奖励、冒险和适应性行为的敏感性:双重系统视角的发展

IF 0.7 Q4 PSYCHIATRY
J. Fryt
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引用次数: 1

摘要

目的:根据目前的发展神经科学,青春期是一个对奖励高度敏感的时期,这会导致风险的增加。本文介绍了青少年对奖励敏感后果的知识现状,并为未来的研究指明了方向。以下部分描述了如何根据不同的任务需求和不同的社会背景,将对奖励的敏感性引导到冒险、安全或亲社会行为以及提高认知表现。观点:从双重制度的角度对青少年行为进行的研究表明,对奖励的敏感性提高可能构成脆弱性。然而,本文收集的结果表明,在某些情况下,青少年对奖励的敏感性可能会从冒险行为转向安全或亲社会行为,或者会导致认知表现的提高。特别有趣的是,研究结果表明,在实验室进行的风险和社会困境任务中,神经奖励相关活动的个体差异使得在研究一年后预测风险行为(如药物使用、逃课)和抑郁症状成为可能。结论:调查奖励敏感性在各种任务和不同社会背景下的后果,可以更深入地了解青少年行为的本质,并引导双系统视角的发展。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Adolescent sensitivity to rewards, risk-taking, and adaptive behaviour: development of the dual systems perspective
Purpose: According to current developmental neuroscience, adolescence is a period of heightened sensitivity to rewards that results in the increased tendency towards risk. This paper presents the current state of knowledge on the consequences of adolescent sensitivity to rewards and indicates directions for future research. The following sections describe how sensitivity to rewards can be directed towards risk-taking, safe or prosocial behaviour, and improved cognitive performance, depending on different task demands and various social contexts. Views: Studies on adolescent behaviour conducted from the dual systems perspective indicate that heightened sensitivity to rewards can constitute vulnerability. The results gathered in this paper, however, demonstrate that in several situations adolescent sensitivity to rewards can be redirected from risk-taking towards safe or prosocial behaviour, or can result in the increased cognitive performance. Particularly interesting are the findings showing that individual differences in neural reward-related activity during risk and social dilemma tasks performed in a laboratory make it possible to predict risky behaviours (e.g. substance use, skipping school) and depressive symptoms, one year after the study. Conclusions: Investigating consequences of reward sensitivity in various tasks and diverse social contexts can shed more light on the nature of adolescent behaviour and lead to the development of the dual systems perspective.
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来源期刊
Postepy Psychiatrii i Neurologii
Postepy Psychiatrii i Neurologii Psychology-Clinical Psychology
CiteScore
0.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
13
期刊介绍: The quarterly Advances in Psychiatry and Neurology is aimed at psychiatrists, neurologists as well as scientists working in related areas of basic and clinical research, psychology, social sciences and humanities. The journal publishes original papers, review articles, case reports, and - at the initiative of the Editorial Board – reflections or experiences on currently vivid theoretical and practical questions or controversies. Articles submitted to the journal are evaluated first by the Section Editors, specialists in the fields of psychiatry, clinical psychology, science of the brain and mind and neurology, and reviewed by acknowledged authorities in the respective field. Authors and reviewers remain anonymous to each other.
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