Rosmarinus Officinalis L, Eriobotrya Japonica and Olea Europaea L Attenuate Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1-Derived Adipocytes and Inflammatory Response in LPS-Induced THP-1-Derived Macrophages

This study aims to in vitro evaluate the impact of three traditionally used anti-obesity medicinal plant extracts on inflammatory mediators in the THP-1 cell line and adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation in the 3T3-L1 cell line. After extract preparation, an in vitro evaluation of cell viability using MTT on THP-1 and 3T3-L1, NO production levels using Griess reagent and cytokines production in THP-1 cells, and adipogenicity evaluation using Oil Red O on 3T3-L1 cells were performed. O. europaea showed the highest cytostatic on THP-1 cells with IC50 of 290.6 µg/mL, while R. officinalis was the highest on 3T3-L1 cells with IC50 of 486.6 µg/mL. All extracts significantly reduced dose-dependently nitric oxide (NO) production by THP-1-derived macrophages from 80 µM to control levels after treatment with 125 µg/mL. Similarly, all extracts decreased the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 production dose-dependently, with the highest effects reached at 250 µg/mL. all extracts increased the production levels of IL-10 from 32 pg/mL to 106.8 pg/mL, 83.5 pg/mL and 87 pg/mL at 125µg/mL, respectively. After treatment with plant extracts, the adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation in 3T3-L1 were reduced to 20% of the control values. All three medicinal plants exhibit their traditionally known anti-obesity effects through cytostatic effects, modulation of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine production levels, and reduction of adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation.