“当语言去度假”

Patrizia Piredda
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引用次数: 0

摘要

量子力学的新发现导致了重新评估,拓宽了许多物理概念的含义,并形成了一种新的逻辑,这种逻辑不再基于经典的非矛盾性、同一性和因果性原则。海森堡认为经典逻辑和《逻辑哲学论》中表达的语言概念不足以理解哥本哈根学派的物理学家为了定义量子力学的基础而不得不处理的语言问题。相反,他在维特根斯坦死后的《哲学研究》中看到了解决这些问题的关键。人们可能会形成一个比例,并指出《论》中描述的语言的使用符合经典力学中的语言使用,正如PI中描述的语言的使用符合量子力学中的语言使用一样。我通过强调量子物理学的认识论革命如何分享一种类似于晚期维特根斯坦在PI中所表达的语言概念,来解释哥本哈根学派物理学家关于相对于量子力学的语言极限的反思。我还试图解释为什么海森堡认为将量子力学的命题和概念归入《论》的命题逻辑规则下是不合适的。我解释了为什么在PI中阐述的基于语言游戏和相似性家族的语言哲学,揭示了QM如何以及为什么有助于更新现有概念(如空间,轨迹,观察者等)并制定新的逻辑(量子逻辑)。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
“When language goes on holiday”
The new discoveries of QM led to re-assessing, broadening the meanings of many physical concepts, and formulating a new logic that was no longer based on the classical principles of non-contradiction, identity, and causality. Heisenberg considered the classical logic and the conception of language expressed in the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus inadequate for the understanding of the problems of language with which the physicists of the Copenhagen school had had to deal in order to define the foundations of Quantum Mechanics. On the contrary, he saw in Wittgenstein’s posthumous Philosophical Investigations the key to solving those problems. One may formulate a proportion and state that the use of language described in the Tractatus fits the use of language in Classical Mechanics, as the use of language described in PI fits the use of language in QM. I interpret the reflections of the physicists of the Copenhagen school on the limits of language relative to QM by highlighting how the epistemological revolution of quantum physics shares a conception of language similar to that expressed by late Wittgenstein in PI. I also aim to explain why Heisenberg considered it inappropriate to subsume the propositions and concepts of QM under the rules of the propositional logic of Tractatus. I explain why the philosophy of language expounded in PI, which is based on language games and resemblance families, sheds a light on how and why QM has contributed to renewing existing concepts (such as space, trajectory, observer, etc.) and to formulate a new logic (quantum logic).
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