Reactions of shorebirds and passerines to human development in the Russian Arctic under the influence of strict conservation measures

Anthropogenic impact on nesting waders and passerine birds in the Arctic in surroundings of the industrial complex Sabetta, Yamal Peninsula, Russia was studied. A lot of factors associated with human development may affect nesting birds. The human-subsidized predation is considered to be the most significant. Anthropogenic food sources are usually present in human-transformed habitats, as well as additional dens and perch sites. This leads to a higher press of predation. In Sabetta, there are specific conditions causing artificially-limited predation and human-induced disturbance. Finding a large number of nests in close proximity to industrial infrastructure we have suggested that waders (order Charadriiformes) and passerine (order Passeriformes) birds may be tolerant to an urbanized landscape. In the studied industrial habitat, they probably do not reduce the nesting density, thanks to particular advantages of such habitats (drainability and variety of shelters). To test this hypothesis, we performed an analysis of the relationship between the nesting density of the 8 most abundant species of waders and passerines in relation to the degree of habitat transformation. Statistical analysis was carried out using the GLM module of Statsoft Statistica 10. We found a positive relation between nesting density of the Ringed Plover (Charadrius hiaticula) and Snow bunting (Plectrophenax nivalis) and the degree of transformation. Habitat transformation did not significantly affect the White wagtail (Motacilla alba) and Red-throated pipit (Anthus cervinus). The Lapland longspur (Calcarius lapponicus) showed a clear decrease of the nest density in transformed habitats. Last but not least, the Little stint (Calidris minuta), Temminck’s stint (C. temminckii) and Red-necked phalarope (Phalaropus lobatus) completely ignored only artificial habitats, whereas in partially transformed habitats, their mean nesting density was similar to undisturbed natural areas.