社会地位、森林干扰和横斑猫头鹰影响了北斑猫头鹰繁殖传播距离的长期趋势

IF 2.6 2区 生物学 Q1 ORNITHOLOGY
Condor Pub Date : 2019-12-05 DOI:10.1093/condor/duz055
Julianna M. A. Jenkins, D. B. Lesmeister, D. B. Lesmeister, E. Forsman, Katie M. Dugger, S. H. Ackers, L. S. Andrews, Christopher Mccafferty, M. S. Pruett, J. Reid, Stan G. Sovern, R. B. Horn, S. Gremel, J. Wiens, Zhiqiang Yang
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引用次数: 14

摘要

领地动物在繁殖地之间的扩散(即繁殖扩散)是由多种选择压力驱动的,包括竞争和栖息地质量的时空变化。随着时间的推移,迁徙的规模和趋势可能预示着种群内部或景观条件的变化。我们在7个研究区域对694只雄性和608只雌性斑点猫头鹰(Strix occidentalis caurina)进行了28年的监测,研究了2158次繁殖扩散事件,以评估个体(性别、经验)、生殖(年生产力、配偶可用性)和环境(森林变化、竞争对手的存在)在繁殖扩散距离变化中的相对重要性。繁殖传播距离中位数为3.17 km, 99%的繁殖传播事件<37 km。1990年至2017年期间,俄勒冈州的年平均传播距离增加了2.43公里,华盛顿州的年平均传播距离增加了9.40公里,这与每年发现的非本地横斑猫头鹰(S. varia)的数量增加相吻合。随着时间的推移,个体之间和个体内部繁殖扩散事件的频率也在增加。雌猫头鹰比雄猫头鹰移动得更远(中位数分别为3.26公里和3.10公里),经验较少的鸟类(领地范围)比经验丰富的鸟类移动得更远。在迁徙前一年单身的猫头鹰比那些在迁徙前成对的猫头鹰迁徙的距离远13-31%。在我们的研究过程中发生的最大的环境变化是横斑猫头鹰种群的扩张。繁殖扩散距离与横斑猫头鹰在研究区域内的分布和在原领地内的干扰程度呈正相关。虽然社会因素似乎仍然是斑点猫头鹰繁殖传播距离的重要驱动因素,但来自横斑猫头鹰的竞争加剧和栖息地的改变也起到了促进作用。繁殖扩散距离的增加应引起保护工作的关注,并应在种群监测中加以考虑,因为扩散行为的变化可能导致更高的死亡率和/或从历史研究区域迁移。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Social status, forest disturbance, and Barred Owls shape long-term trends in breeding dispersal distance of Northern Spotted Owls
ABSTRACT Dispersal among breeding sites in territorial animals (i.e. breeding dispersal) is driven by numerous selection pressures, including competition and spatiotemporal variation in habitat quality. The scale and trend of dispersal movements over time may signal changing conditions within the population or on the landscape. We examined 2,158 breeding dispersal events from 694 male and 608 female individually marked Northern Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) monitored over 28 yr on 7 study areas to assess the relative importance of individual (sex, experience), reproductive (annual productivity, mate availability), and environmental (forest alteration, presence of competitor) sources of variation in breeding dispersal distance. Median breeding dispersal distance was 3.17 km, with 99% of all breeding dispersal events <37 km. Mean annual dispersal distances increased by 2.43 km in Oregon and 9.40 km in Washington between 1990 and 2017, which coincided with increases in annual detections of nonnative Barred Owl (S. varia). Frequency of breeding dispersal events, both among and within individuals, also increased over time. Female owls moved farther than males (median of 3.26 and 3.10 km, respectively), and birds with less experience (territory tenure) moved farther than those with more experience. Owls that were single in the year prior to dispersal moved 13–31% farther than those paired prior to dispersal. The greatest environmental change occurring over the course of our study was the expansion of Barred Owl populations. Breeding dispersal distance was positively related to Barred Owls in the study area and disturbance within the originating territory. While it appears that social factors continue to be important drivers of breeding dispersal distance in Spotted Owls, increased competition from Barred Owls and habitat alteration have a contributing effect. Increased breeding dispersal distances should be of concern for conservation efforts and considered in population monitoring because changing dispersal behavior may lead to higher rates of mortality and/or emigration from historical study areas.
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来源期刊
Condor
Condor ORNITHOLOGY-
CiteScore
6.30
自引率
12.50%
发文量
46
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Condor is the official publication of the Cooper Ornithological Society, a non-profit organization of over 2,000 professional and amateur ornithologists and one of the largest ornithological societies in the world. A quarterly international journal that publishes original research from all fields of avian biology, The Condor has been a highly respected forum in ornithology for more than 100 years. The journal is one of the top ranked ornithology publications. Types of paper published include feature articles (longer manuscripts) Short Communications (generally shorter papers or papers that deal with one primary finding), Commentaries (brief papers that comment on articles published previously in The Condor), and Book Reviews.
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