如果不能拯救气候,为什么要把车留在家里?

IF 0.3 0 PHILOSOPHY
Adriano Mannino
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引用次数: 0

摘要

为什么要对气候变化等集体造成的危害采取个人行动?初步看来,一个人的个人贡献似乎充其量只是微不足道的差异。后果主义者和对后果敏感的非后果主义者应该对是否能够找到采取个别气候行动的基于后果的理由感兴趣。作者认为,即使个体代理人能够在期望值上产生非零差异,但考虑到代理人的机会成本,利他主义期望值可能太小,以至于不够值得。在这种情况下,利他主义代理人可能面临囚犯困境,即利他主义公共产品问题。因此,如果PD能够以基于后果的方式得到解决,那么基于后果的解释为什么要把车留在家里是正确的。作者为以基于结果的方式解决PD问题以及采取相应行动提供了乐观的初步依据。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Why Leave the Car at Home, If That Doesn’t Save the Climate?
Why take individual action against collectively caused evils such as climate change? Prima facie, one’s individual contribution may seem to make a negligible difference at best. Consequentialists as well as consequence-sensitive nonconsequentialists should be interested in whether a consequence-based justification for taking individual climate action can be found nonetheless. The author argues that even though individual agents are able to make a non-zero difference in expectation, the altruistic expected value may be so small as to be insufficiently worthwhile, given the agents’ opportunity cost. In this case, altruistic agents may face a Prisoner’s Dilemma (PD), i.e. an altruistic public goods problem. Hence, the consequence-based account of why to leave one’s car at home could be vindicated if the PD can be solved in a consequence-based way. The author offers tentative grounds for optimism about solving the PD in a consequence-based way, and for acting accordingly.
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CiteScore
1.40
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