{"title":"菌株大战3:SARS-CoV-2的δ和Omicron菌株的传染性和致病性差异可以用结合和生长的热力学和动力学参数来解释","authors":"Marko Popovic","doi":"10.1016/j.mran.2022.100217","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, for the first time, empirical formulas have been reported of the Delta and Omicron strains of SARS-CoV-2. The empirical formula of the Delta strain entire virion was found to be CH<sub>1.6383</sub>O<sub>0.2844</sub>N<sub>0.2294</sub>P<sub>0.0064</sub>S<sub>0.0042</sub>, while its nucleocapsid has the formula CH<sub>1.5692</sub>O<sub>0.3431</sub>N<sub>0.3106</sub>P<sub>0.0060</sub>S<sub>0.0043</sub>. The empirical formula of the Omicron strain entire virion was found to be CH<sub>1.6404</sub>O<sub>0.2842</sub>N<sub>0.2299</sub>P<sub>0.0064</sub>S<sub>0.0038</sub>, while its nucleocapsid has the formula CH<sub>1.5734</sub>O<sub>0.3442</sub>N<sub>0.3122</sub>P<sub>0.0060</sub>S<sub>0.0033</sub>. Based on the empirical formulas, standard thermodynamic properties of formation and growth have been calculated and reported for the Delta and Omicron strains. Moreover, standard thermodynamic properties of binding have been reported for Wild type (Hu-1), Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron strains. For all the strains, binding phenomenological coefficients and antigen-receptor (SGP-ACE2) binding rates have been determined and compared, which are proportional to infectivity. The results show that the binding rate of the Omicron strain is between 1.5 and 2.5 times greater than that of the Delta strain. The Omicron strain is characterized by a greater infectivity, based on the epidemiological data available in the literature. The increased infectivity was explained in this paper using Gibbs energy of binding. However, no indications exist for decreased pathogenicity of the Omicron strain. Pathogenicity is proportional to the virus multiplication rate, while Gibbs energies of multiplication are very similar for the Delta and Omicron strains. Thus, multiplication rate and pathogenicity are similar for the Delta and Omicron strains. The lower number of severe cases caused by the Omicron strain can be explained by increased number of immunized people. Immunization does not influence the possibility of occurrence of infection, but influences the rate of immune response, which is much more efficient in immunized people. This leads to prevention of more severe Omicron infection cases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48593,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Risk Analysis","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100217"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0000,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352352222000172/pdfft?md5=fa427a9a9581775dac5b2ec12eace7d8&pid=1-s2.0-S2352352222000172-main.pdf","citationCount":"111","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Strain wars 3: Differences in infectivity and pathogenicity between Delta and Omicron strains of SARS-CoV-2 can be explained by thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of binding and growth\",\"authors\":\"Marko Popovic\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.mran.2022.100217\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>In this paper, for the first time, empirical formulas have been reported of the Delta and Omicron strains of SARS-CoV-2. The empirical formula of the Delta strain entire virion was found to be CH<sub>1.6383</sub>O<sub>0.2844</sub>N<sub>0.2294</sub>P<sub>0.0064</sub>S<sub>0.0042</sub>, while its nucleocapsid has the formula CH<sub>1.5692</sub>O<sub>0.3431</sub>N<sub>0.3106</sub>P<sub>0.0060</sub>S<sub>0.0043</sub>. The empirical formula of the Omicron strain entire virion was found to be CH<sub>1.6404</sub>O<sub>0.2842</sub>N<sub>0.2299</sub>P<sub>0.0064</sub>S<sub>0.0038</sub>, while its nucleocapsid has the formula CH<sub>1.5734</sub>O<sub>0.3442</sub>N<sub>0.3122</sub>P<sub>0.0060</sub>S<sub>0.0033</sub>. Based on the empirical formulas, standard thermodynamic properties of formation and growth have been calculated and reported for the Delta and Omicron strains. Moreover, standard thermodynamic properties of binding have been reported for Wild type (Hu-1), Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron strains. For all the strains, binding phenomenological coefficients and antigen-receptor (SGP-ACE2) binding rates have been determined and compared, which are proportional to infectivity. The results show that the binding rate of the Omicron strain is between 1.5 and 2.5 times greater than that of the Delta strain. The Omicron strain is characterized by a greater infectivity, based on the epidemiological data available in the literature. The increased infectivity was explained in this paper using Gibbs energy of binding. However, no indications exist for decreased pathogenicity of the Omicron strain. Pathogenicity is proportional to the virus multiplication rate, while Gibbs energies of multiplication are very similar for the Delta and Omicron strains. Thus, multiplication rate and pathogenicity are similar for the Delta and Omicron strains. The lower number of severe cases caused by the Omicron strain can be explained by increased number of immunized people. Immunization does not influence the possibility of occurrence of infection, but influences the rate of immune response, which is much more efficient in immunized people. This leads to prevention of more severe Omicron infection cases.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":48593,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Microbial Risk Analysis\",\"volume\":\"22 \",\"pages\":\"Article 100217\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2022-12-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352352222000172/pdfft?md5=fa427a9a9581775dac5b2ec12eace7d8&pid=1-s2.0-S2352352222000172-main.pdf\",\"citationCount\":\"111\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Microbial Risk Analysis\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"93\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352352222000172\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"环境科学与生态学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Microbial Risk Analysis","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352352222000172","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Strain wars 3: Differences in infectivity and pathogenicity between Delta and Omicron strains of SARS-CoV-2 can be explained by thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of binding and growth
In this paper, for the first time, empirical formulas have been reported of the Delta and Omicron strains of SARS-CoV-2. The empirical formula of the Delta strain entire virion was found to be CH1.6383O0.2844N0.2294P0.0064S0.0042, while its nucleocapsid has the formula CH1.5692O0.3431N0.3106P0.0060S0.0043. The empirical formula of the Omicron strain entire virion was found to be CH1.6404O0.2842N0.2299P0.0064S0.0038, while its nucleocapsid has the formula CH1.5734O0.3442N0.3122P0.0060S0.0033. Based on the empirical formulas, standard thermodynamic properties of formation and growth have been calculated and reported for the Delta and Omicron strains. Moreover, standard thermodynamic properties of binding have been reported for Wild type (Hu-1), Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron strains. For all the strains, binding phenomenological coefficients and antigen-receptor (SGP-ACE2) binding rates have been determined and compared, which are proportional to infectivity. The results show that the binding rate of the Omicron strain is between 1.5 and 2.5 times greater than that of the Delta strain. The Omicron strain is characterized by a greater infectivity, based on the epidemiological data available in the literature. The increased infectivity was explained in this paper using Gibbs energy of binding. However, no indications exist for decreased pathogenicity of the Omicron strain. Pathogenicity is proportional to the virus multiplication rate, while Gibbs energies of multiplication are very similar for the Delta and Omicron strains. Thus, multiplication rate and pathogenicity are similar for the Delta and Omicron strains. The lower number of severe cases caused by the Omicron strain can be explained by increased number of immunized people. Immunization does not influence the possibility of occurrence of infection, but influences the rate of immune response, which is much more efficient in immunized people. This leads to prevention of more severe Omicron infection cases.
期刊介绍：
The journal Microbial Risk Analysis accepts articles dealing with the study of risk analysis applied to microbial hazards. Manuscripts should at least cover any of the components of risk assessment (risk characterization, exposure assessment, etc.), risk management and/or risk communication in any microbiology field (clinical, environmental, food, veterinary, etc.). This journal also accepts article dealing with predictive microbiology, quantitative microbial ecology, mathematical modeling, risk studies applied to microbial ecology, quantitative microbiology for epidemiological studies, statistical methods applied to microbiology, and laws and regulatory policies aimed at lessening the risk of microbial hazards. Work focusing on risk studies of viruses, parasites, microbial toxins, antimicrobial resistant organisms, genetically modified organisms (GMOs), and recombinant DNA products are also acceptable.
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号
