第一次世界大战期间白俄罗斯未被占领领土上的粮食供应

Q4 Arts and Humanities
Надежда Сергеевна Моторова
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引用次数: 0

摘要

这篇文章讨论了第一次世界大战期间为白俄罗斯无人居住省份的平民人口组织粮食供应的问题。值得注意的是,1914年,通过发布利率进行价格监管的传统方法被用来解决这一问题。从1915年开始,地方自治机构的结构中开始成立食品委员会和委员会,以防止商品短缺和投机贸易。他们被委托组织食品的采购和分销、食品仓库的维护和费率的制定。为了为他们的活动提供财政支持,使用了来自地方预算的资金,以及在财政部或政府机构的担保下从银行获得的信贷。然而,由于国家一级缺乏统一的粮食政策概念,中央部门的行动也缺乏协调,地方当局无法有效解决平民人口的粮食供应问题。在最大程度上,它表现在从俄罗斯帝国中部地区到前线省份的粮食供应的组织上。俄罗斯帝国农业部在确定补给地区时,没有与控制铁路的俄罗斯帝国战争部协调运输计划。该部门还面临俄罗斯帝国内政部的反对。它造成了粮食短缺、投机和价格上涨。因此,1916年末至1917年初,在未被德国军队占领的白俄罗斯各省,粮食危机恶化,成为国内局势不稳定的主要因素之一,这导致了二月革命和国家制度的改变。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Food supply in the unoccupied territory of Belarus during the First World War
The article deals with the problem of organising food supply for the civilian population of unoccupied Belarusian provinces during the First World War. It is noted that in 1914 traditional method of price regulation through the issuance of rates was used to resolve it. Starting from 1915, food committees and commissions began to be created in the structure of the local self-government institutions to prevent shortage of goods and speculative trade. They were entrusted with the organisation of the purchase of food and its distribution, the maintenance of food warehouses and the development of rates. To provide financial support for their activities, there were used funds from local budgets and credits received from banks under the guarantees of the treasury or from government institutions. However, local authorities could not solve the problem of food supply for the civilian population effectively due to the lack of a unified concept of food policy at the state level and the lack of coordination between the actions of central departments. To the greatest extent, it manifested itself in the organisation of food supplies from the central regions of the Russian Empire to the front-line provinces. The Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Empire, when determining the supply areas, did not coordinate the transportation plan with the War Ministry of the Russian Empire, which controlled the railways. The department also faced opposition from the Ministry of the Interior of the Russian Empire. It contributed food shortages, speculation and rising prices. As a result in late 1916 – early 1917 in the Belarusian provinces, not occupied by German troops, the food crisis worsened and turned into one of the main factors of destabilisation of the internal situation, which led to the February Revolution and a change in the state system.
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CiteScore
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