科马克·麦卡锡《血子午线》或《西方的晚红》中有毒男子气概的表现

IF 0.1 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
A. Rezaie
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引用次数: 2

摘要

本文分析了《血色子午线》或《西部的晚红》(1985)——这是科马克·麦卡锡浸没在边境地带的第一部作品——通过运用“有毒的男子气概”的概念,一种与牛仔/战士/拓荒者的神话角色相关的夸张的男子气概,这种男子气概创造了鲁莽,最终使暴力永续。换句话说,它探讨了19世纪50年代,在德克萨斯和墨西哥边境,麦卡锡笔下的单一男性角色是如何敷衍地拥抱或努力实现霸权男性理想的,从而导致了自我毁灭的行为。尽管“有毒的男子气概”这个词在20世纪80年代麦卡锡写这部小说时很少使用,但他清楚地预见到美国男子气概的演变,并将其历史化,体现在牛仔/战士/拓荒者身上,成为一种有毒的男子气概。通过这样做,他预示着一种逐渐的文化认识,即这种男性气概不是衡量所有性别认同版本的通用标准,而是实际上有毒的、病态的、政治性的和有问题的。通过揭露有毒的牛仔神话,并利用它来构建另一种男子气概,麦卡锡质疑了边疆理论和天定命运,同时打破了它们所坚持的关于男子气概和男性身份的有毒假设。麦卡锡在《血色子午线》中呈现的新视角挑战了美国民族认同的发展,这种认同建立在对贫困、歧视、压迫和种族化的他者的邪恶征服以及被剥削、女性化的本性之上。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Manifestations of Toxic Masculinity in Cormac McCarthy’s Blood Meridian or the Evening Redness in the West
This article analyzes Blood Meridian or The Evening Redness in the West (1985)—the first product of Cormac McCarthy’s borderlands immersion—by deploying the concept of “toxic masculinity,” an exaggerated masculinity related mythically to the role of the cowboy/warrior/pioneer, which creates recklessness and eventually perpetuates violence. In other words, it explores how perfunctorily embracing, or endeavoring to fulfill, hegemonic masculine ideals bring about self-destructive behaviors in McCarthy’s monolithically male characters on the Texas-Mexico border in the 1850s. Even though the term “toxic masculinity” was seldomly used in the 1980s when McCarthy wrote this novel, he clearly anticipates and historicizes the evolution of American masculinity as embodied by the cowboy/warrior/pioneer into a form of toxic masculinity. By doing so, he presages the gradual cultural recognition that such masculinity is not the generic standard against which all versions of gendered identity should be measured but is in fact toxic, pathological, political, and problematic. By exposing toxic cowboy mythology and deploying it to construct alternative masculinities, McCarthy questions the Frontier Thesis and Manifest Destiny while disrupting the toxic assumptions about manhood and masculine identities they were intended to uphold. The new vision McCarthy presents in Blood Meridian challenges the development of American national identity based on the vicious conquest of impoverished, discriminated, oppressed, and racialized Others and exploited, feminized nature.
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来源期刊
AMERICAN STUDIES IN SCANDINAVIA
AMERICAN STUDIES IN SCANDINAVIA HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
CiteScore
0.20
自引率
0.00%
发文量
8
期刊介绍: American Studies in Scandinavia, the journal of the Nordic Association for American Studies, is published twice each year, and carries scholarly articles and reviews on a wide range of American Studies topics and disciplines, including history, literature, politics, geography, media, language, diplomacy, race, ethnicity, economics, law, culture and society. American Studies in Scandinavia is sponsored by the National Councils for Research in Science and the Humanities in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden, the journal is published by Odense University Press with the financial support of the Nordic Publications Committee for Humanist Periodicals.
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