古斯塔夫·西奥多·费希纳《归纳形而上学》中的类比推理

IF 0.3 0 PHILOSOPHY
Ansgar Seide
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引用次数: 5

摘要

古斯塔夫·狄奥多尔·费什内尔是19世纪归纳形而上学的主要支持者之一。归纳形而上学的思想是在形而上学中使用经验来源和归纳推理形式。尽管这听起来像是一个很可能吸引有科学头脑的哲学家的研究计划,但从科学的角度来看,费希纳的一些形而上学结论看起来非常可疑。例如,费什内尔著名地认为,行星和恒星是由灵魂驱动的,整个宇宙也是如此。在本文中,费希纳的神秘宇宙学观点是基于一个过于宽容的类比原则,因此,他关于地球是由灵魂激活的结论的核心论点是不正确的。正如这篇文章所说,费什内尔推理所依据的原则必须得到一个因果条件的补充,就像玛丽·黑塞对类比推理的描述一样,费什纳至少含蓄地承认了这个条件,但没有满足。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Analogical Inference in Gustav Theodor Fechner’s Inductive Metaphysics
Gustav Theodor Fechner was one of the main proponents of inductive metaphysics in the 19th century. The idea of inductive metaphysics is to use empirical sources and inductive forms of inference in metaphysics. Although this sounds like a research program which might well appeal to scientifically minded philosophers, some of Fechner’s metaphysical conclusions look very suspicious from a scientific viewpoint. For example, Fechner famously argues that the planets and stars are animated by a soul and that the same holds for the whole universe. In the present article it is shown that Fechner’s mystical cosmological views are based on a principle of analogy which is too permissive and that as a result of that his central argument to the conclusion that the earth is animated by a soul is not correct. As the article argues, the principle Fechner bases his inference on has to be supplemented by a causal condition along the lines of Mary Hesse’s account of analogical inferences, a condition Fechner at least implicitly recognizes but fails to meet.
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CiteScore
1.40
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