Recent update on electrochemical CO2 reduction catalyzed by metal sulfide materials

Seeking and developing efficient CO₂ reduction reaction (CO₂RR) electrocatalysts is a hot topic in this era of global warming. Among material candidates for sustainable and cost-effective applications, metal sulfides have attracted attention as promising nature-inspired materials due to multiple adsorption sites which are enhanced by the covalent character of sulfur. This article summarizes the current status regarding the utilization and development of metal sulfide materials as CO₂RR electrocatalysts. First, the research background and basic principles of electrochemical CO₂RR are introduced. Next, an overview of the main obstacles to developing efficient CO₂RR electrocatalysts is presented. The section is followed by a summary of the empirical evidence supporting the application of metal sulfides as CO₂RR electrocatalysts beside nature-inspired motivation. The summary of synthesis methods of various metal sulfides is also presented. Furthermore, the paper also highlights the recent works on metal sulfide as efficient CO₂RR including the undertaking strategy on the activity enhancement, and finally, discusses the challenges and prospect of metal sulfides-based CO₂RR electrocatalysts. Despite recent efforts, metal sulfides remain relatively unexplored as materials for CO₂RR electrocatalytic applications. Therefore, this review aims to stimulate novel ideas and research for improved catalyst designs and functionality.