违法行为的一个例子:意大利人入侵伏尔泰的《坎迪德》

IF 0.1 4区 文学 0 LITERATURE, ROMANCE
S. A. Viselli
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文将伏尔泰哲学故事《坎迪德》中的多方面的意大利形象视为老妇人、太监和波库奎的形象。它考察了《坎迪德》中对构成意大利民族的矛盾符号的研究,这是一个投影的例子,在这个例子中,另一个外国人仍然是不可定义的。在十八世纪,意大利人的形象充满了政治和道德上的模糊性。外国人或其他人的形象经常通过有辱人格的刻板印象和压抑的话语来描述,这往往减轻了残酷、暴力和不道德现实中描绘的严重性,这是一个矛盾的现实,代表了法国和意大利在一个混乱盛行的时代,在一个尽管试图表现哲学,但还不够哲学的世纪。因此,让另一个人说话,尤其是用他自己的语言说话,就成了一种写作策略,一种由伏尔泰等法国哲学家和小说家采用的话语策略,目的是传达一种既反动又叛逆的改革主义议程。通过经常用意大利语进行诋毁性的评论,启蒙运动的虚构话语使更简单的古典叙事变得复杂,并成为一种越轨行为,一种令人震惊的话语,伪装成一场无害的闹剧,迫使人们反思强奸、狂热、暴力或不公正等经常令人羞辱的话题。因此,由表面的种族参照过度确定的话语是更严重的关注点的基础。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Un exemple de transgression : l’intrusion de l’Italien dans Candide de Voltaire
This article considers the multi-faceted Italian in Voltaire’s philosophical tale Candide as figured in the old woman, the eunuch and Pococuranté. It examines the study of contradictory signs that make up the Italian ethnos in Candide, an example of projection in which the other, the foreigner, nevertheless remains undefinable. In the eighteenth century, the figure of the Italian was imbued with political and moral ambiguity. Often described through degrading stereotypes and a dampened discourse, the figure of the foreigner or other often mitigates the severity painted in a cruel, violent and immoral reality, a paradoxical reality that represents France and Italy in an epoch where disorder reigns, and in a century that, despite its attempts to wax philosophical, is not philosophical enough. Making the other speak, especially in his own language, therefore becomes a writerly ruse, a discursive strategy adopted by French philosophers and novelists such as Voltaire to communicate a reformist agenda, at once reactionary and rebellious. Through often denigrating commentary in Italian, the fictional discourse of the Enlightenment complicates a simpler classical narrativity and becomes a topos of transgression, a shocking locution, that, masked under the guise of a harmless farce, forces one to reflect on often humiliating topics such as rape, fanaticism, violence or injustice. A discourse overdetermined by a superficial ethnic referent thus underlies more serious preoccupations.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
28
期刊介绍: The Australian Journal of French Studies is an international, fully refereed journal devoted to French literature, culture, society and history. The journal encourages new theoretical engagements and particularly welcomes interdisciplinary approaches. Articles are published in English and French. The majority of numbers are focussed on a specific theme, but numbers on miscellaneous topics will usually be published annually.
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