{"title":"违法行为的一个例子:意大利人入侵伏尔泰的《坎迪德》","authors":"S. A. Viselli","doi":"10.3828/ajfs.2022.08","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"\nThis article considers the multi-faceted Italian in Voltaire’s philosophical tale Candide as figured in the old woman, the eunuch and Pococuranté. It examines the study of contradictory signs that make up the Italian ethnos in Candide, an example of projection in which the other, the foreigner, nevertheless remains undefinable. In the eighteenth century, the figure of the Italian was imbued with political and moral ambiguity. Often described through degrading stereotypes and a dampened discourse, the figure of the foreigner or other often mitigates the severity painted in a cruel, violent and immoral reality, a paradoxical reality that represents France and Italy in an epoch where disorder reigns, and in a century that, despite its attempts to wax philosophical, is not philosophical enough. Making the other speak, especially in his own language, therefore becomes a writerly ruse, a discursive strategy adopted by French philosophers and novelists such as Voltaire to communicate a reformist agenda, at once reactionary and rebellious. Through often denigrating commentary in Italian, the fictional discourse of the Enlightenment complicates a simpler classical narrativity and becomes a topos of transgression, a shocking locution, that, masked under the guise of a harmless farce, forces one to reflect on often humiliating topics such as rape, fanaticism, violence or injustice. A discourse overdetermined by a superficial ethnic referent thus underlies more serious preoccupations.","PeriodicalId":8649,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of French Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1000,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Un exemple de transgression : l’intrusion de l’Italien dans Candide de Voltaire\",\"authors\":\"S. A. Viselli\",\"doi\":\"10.3828/ajfs.2022.08\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"\\nThis article considers the multi-faceted Italian in Voltaire’s philosophical tale Candide as figured in the old woman, the eunuch and Pococuranté. It examines the study of contradictory signs that make up the Italian ethnos in Candide, an example of projection in which the other, the foreigner, nevertheless remains undefinable. In the eighteenth century, the figure of the Italian was imbued with political and moral ambiguity. Often described through degrading stereotypes and a dampened discourse, the figure of the foreigner or other often mitigates the severity painted in a cruel, violent and immoral reality, a paradoxical reality that represents France and Italy in an epoch where disorder reigns, and in a century that, despite its attempts to wax philosophical, is not philosophical enough. Making the other speak, especially in his own language, therefore becomes a writerly ruse, a discursive strategy adopted by French philosophers and novelists such as Voltaire to communicate a reformist agenda, at once reactionary and rebellious. Through often denigrating commentary in Italian, the fictional discourse of the Enlightenment complicates a simpler classical narrativity and becomes a topos of transgression, a shocking locution, that, masked under the guise of a harmless farce, forces one to reflect on often humiliating topics such as rape, fanaticism, violence or injustice. A discourse overdetermined by a superficial ethnic referent thus underlies more serious preoccupations.\",\"PeriodicalId\":8649,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Australian Journal of French Studies\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.1000,\"publicationDate\":\"2022-01-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Australian Journal of French Studies\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.3828/ajfs.2022.08\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"文学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"0\",\"JCRName\":\"LITERATURE, ROMANCE\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Australian Journal of French Studies","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3828/ajfs.2022.08","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"0","JCRName":"LITERATURE, ROMANCE","Score":null,"Total":0}
Un exemple de transgression : l’intrusion de l’Italien dans Candide de Voltaire
This article considers the multi-faceted Italian in Voltaire’s philosophical tale Candide as figured in the old woman, the eunuch and Pococuranté. It examines the study of contradictory signs that make up the Italian ethnos in Candide, an example of projection in which the other, the foreigner, nevertheless remains undefinable. In the eighteenth century, the figure of the Italian was imbued with political and moral ambiguity. Often described through degrading stereotypes and a dampened discourse, the figure of the foreigner or other often mitigates the severity painted in a cruel, violent and immoral reality, a paradoxical reality that represents France and Italy in an epoch where disorder reigns, and in a century that, despite its attempts to wax philosophical, is not philosophical enough. Making the other speak, especially in his own language, therefore becomes a writerly ruse, a discursive strategy adopted by French philosophers and novelists such as Voltaire to communicate a reformist agenda, at once reactionary and rebellious. Through often denigrating commentary in Italian, the fictional discourse of the Enlightenment complicates a simpler classical narrativity and becomes a topos of transgression, a shocking locution, that, masked under the guise of a harmless farce, forces one to reflect on often humiliating topics such as rape, fanaticism, violence or injustice. A discourse overdetermined by a superficial ethnic referent thus underlies more serious preoccupations.
期刊介绍:
The Australian Journal of French Studies is an international, fully refereed journal devoted to French literature, culture, society and history. The journal encourages new theoretical engagements and particularly welcomes interdisciplinary approaches. Articles are published in English and French. The majority of numbers are focussed on a specific theme, but numbers on miscellaneous topics will usually be published annually.