Input data for computational models of blood flows

Biomechanical models of blood flows in the last century were devoted to the handling of flow pattern in simple models more or less representative of rigid and deformable segments of the vasculature with bends and branchings, in normal and pathological conditions. With the development of medical three-dimensional (3D) imaging techniques, availability of 3D reconstruction software, improved fluid–structure interaction methods, and high-performance computing, computational models of blood flows are now aimed at guiding medical decision in the framework of precision medicine. However, most often, input data remain unavailable for a given patient, especially those related to blood and vascular wall rheology. This review summarizes the main blood flow features and yields the state-of-the-art.