为什么是GDL?为什么亩сovy吗?比较历史话语中的早期东欧国家

IF 0.2 4区 历史学 Q2 HISTORY
A. Dvornichenko
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文试图对立陶宛大公国和莫斯科公国的起源和早期发展进行比较分析。基辅罗斯,立陶宛和莫斯科公国的前身,并不是一个单一的政治实体;它从酋邦发展到城邦,本质上是obshchina(社区)。这使得理解为什么具有相同根源的社会演变得如此不同变得更加有趣。显然,人们想到的是在新国家形成的过程中,基辅罗斯的各个地区所经历的外部影响,但这些影响的程度和特征可以通过比较这些国家来理解。比较它们可以发现它们最初有相当多的相似之处。甚至可以说,在13至15世纪有一种共同的国家形成模式。为了本文的目的,它被称为一个兵役国家。正是这种相当古老的政体是向以地产为基础的国家发展的起点。该地区的矛盾之处在于,在立陶宛大公国或莫斯科公国转变为一个以庄园为基础的国家之前,它们都经历了剧烈的变化:前者成为波兰立陶宛联邦的一部分,本质上是其中的一个省,而后者则陷入了伊凡雷帝血腥的“自上而下的革命”,加速了以农奴制为基础的俄罗斯独特国家制度的形成。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Why the GDL? Why Musсovy? The Early States of Eastern Europe in Comparative Historical Discourse
The paper attempts at providing a comparative analysis of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Muscovy during their genesis and early development. Kievan Rus, the predecessor of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Muscovy, was not a single political entity; it developed from chiefdoms to city-states that were, in essence, obshchinas (communities). This makes it all the more interesting to understand why the societies with the same roots evolved to become so different. Obviously, what comes to mind is the idea of external influences experienced by various parts of Kievan Rus while the new states were being formed, but the extent and the character of those influences can be understood through comparing these states. Comparing them reveals that they initially shared considerable similarity. It may even be said that there was a common model of state formation in the 13th to 15th centuries. For the purposes of this paper it is labelled a military-service state. It is this quite archaic polity that was the starting point in the progress towards the estates-based state. The paradox of the region is that before either the Grand Duchy of Lithuania or Muscovy could transform into an estates-based state, they both underwent drastic changes: the former became part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, essentially a province within it, while the latter was plunged into Ivan the Terrible’s bloody “revolution from the top”, which accelerated the formation of the unique Russian state system based on serfdom.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.30
自引率
50.00%
发文量
24
期刊介绍: Russian History’s mission is the publication of original articles on the history of Russia through the centuries, in the assumption that all past experiences are inter-related. Russian History seeks to discover, analyze, and understand the most interesting experiences and relationships and elucidate their causes and consequences. Contributors to the journal take their stand from different perspectives: intellectual, economic and military history, domestic, social and class relations, relations with non-Russian peoples, nutrition and health, all possible events that had an influence on Russia. Russian History is the international platform for the presentation of such findings.
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