The relationships of parent- and child-related psychiatric conditions with oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder symptoms in children with ADHD

ABSTRACT This cross-sectional study evaluated the impacts of maternal and paternal affective temperament traits, maternal and paternal ADHD, depression and anxiety symptoms, parenting styles, child’s depression and anxiety disorder symptoms, and child’s autistic traits on the oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) symptoms of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Analysis showed a positive relation of maternal anxious and irritable temperament and child inattention, hyperactivity–impulsivity and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) scores on ODD scores. However, there was a negative relationship between parental acceptance/involvement and ODD scores. Regarding CD scores, maternal irritable and paternal cyclothymic and hyperthymic temperament scores and child ODD and autistic trait scores showed a positive relationship, whereas maternal ADHD showed a negative relationship on CD scores. Certain parental affective temperaments, parenting styles, child’s OCD and autistic traits, and maternal ADHD may be important for the severity of disruptive behavioral disorder symptoms in children with ADHD.