性别差异青年的DXA评估

IF 1.7 4区 医学 Q4 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
Sooji Kim BS (Primary Author Research Coordinator) , H. Theodore Harcke MD (Contributing Author Pediatric Radiologist) , Evan Graber DO (Contributing Author) , Heidi H. Kecskemethy MS Ed, RDN, CBDT (Contributing Author)
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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的评估不同性别青年的DXA,并使用男性和女性参考值检查结果的解释。基本原理/背景在过去十年中,美国的性别确认护理有所增加。性别差异(GD)成人的DXA解释存在不同的观点;目前正在为广东青年制定指导方针。寻求性别确认医疗护理的青春期前儿童的标准做法是开始青春期抑制(PS)。骨骼生长过程中的骨量积累发生在青春期,而PS对骨密度(BMD)的影响尚不清楚。我们用男性和女性的标准来检验报告结果的实践。方法回顾性分析儿童临床获得的DXA和有关性别肯定医疗护理的临床信息,包括PS、激素替代疗法(HRT)、DXA Tanner评分、骨折史、血清25(OD)D水平和其他骨骼或营养问题(<18岁)于2023年11月1日前在本儿童医院就诊。所有患者都至少有一个DXA。对男女的骨密度和1 - 3的总体无头(TBLH)、腰椎(LS)和外侧股骨远端(LDF)区域的z-score进行评估。TBLH和LS采用高度调整z评分(HAZ)。如果可用,对串行DXA进行评估。我们评估了所有身体部位的z-score模式,将出生规范与异性规范进行比较。结果共发现GD患儿24例,其中女性12例,平均首次DXA年龄13.1岁(9.9 ~ 17岁)。23人接受PS治疗,12人接受HRT治疗。半数儿童25(OH)D不足/缺乏,33%有骨折史,与一般儿童人群一致。所有患者均有TBLH和LS;23例进行了LDF扫描。在最初的DXA中,24人中有13人(6名出生女性)接受了PS。PS开始的平均年龄因性别而异,女孩开始12.4岁,男孩开始14.7岁。3例患者接受HRT治疗;当使用两种性别规范标准比较z分数时,只有LS显示出性别之间的一致差异:使用女性规范的出生男性的z分数较低,使用男性规范的出生女性的z分数较高。其他身体部位的z分数差异在两性之间没有变化趋势。iscd对跨性别患者的成人位置建议使用指定的性别参考值来计算z分数。使用成人体位会给儿童DXA的解释带来问题,因为z-评分用于儿科,骨量的累积和生长因性别和年龄而异。PS降低生长轨迹和骨密度,进一步使结果的解释和儿童参考值的使用复杂化。使用两性标准分析骨密度结果,使用儿科骨密度的推荐大小调整,并将这些信息提供给治疗临床医生,以考虑临床情况,从而提供最完整的图像。为GD青年编写包含双重规范性结果的标准化DXA报告将有助于报告工作。对于系列测量,标准化报告应强调BMD的系列变化,而不是z分数。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
DXA Assessment in Gender Diverse Youth

Purpose/Aims

Evaluate DXA in gender diverse youth and examine interpretation of results using male and female reference values.

Rationale/Background

Gender affirming care in the US has increased over the past decade. Positions on DXA interpretation in gender diverse (GD) adults exist; guidelines for GD youth are being developed. Standard practice for prepubescent children seeking gender affirming medical care is to start pubertal suppression (PS). Bone mass accrual in the growing skeleton occurs during puberty and the impact of PS on bone mineral density (BMD) is unclear. We examine the practice of reporting results using both male and female norms.

Methods

Retrospective review of clinically obtained DXAs and clinical information regarding gender affirming medical care including PS, hormonal replacement therapy (HRT), Tanner score at DXA, fracture history, serum 25(OD)D level, and other bone or nutritional issues in children (< 18 years) seen at our children's hospital prior to 1/11/2023. All had at least one DXA. BMD and z-score for total body less head (TBLH), lumbar spine (LS), and lateral distal femurs (LDF) regions 1 – 3 for both sexes were evaluated. Height-adjusted z-score (HAZ) was used for TBLH and LS. Serial DXA was assessed if available. We evaluated z-score patterns at all body sites comparing natal norms to opposite sex norms.

Results

Twenty-four GD children (12 natal female) with a mean age at first DXA of 13.1 years (9.9 to 17) were identified. Twenty-three received PS and 12 received HRT. Half had insufficient/deficient 25(OH)D status, and 33% had history of fracture, consistent with the general pediatric population. All had TBLH and LS; 23 had LDF scans. At first DXA, 13 of 24 (6 natal female) were on PS. Mean age of PS initiation differed by natal sex with girls starting at 12.4 years and boys starting at 14.7 years. Three patients received HRT; all had received PS. When comparing z-scores using both sex normative standards, only the LS showed consistent differences between the sexes: z-scores were lower in natal males using female norms and higher in natal females using male norms. Difference in z-scores varied at all other body sites between the sexes with no trend.

Implications

ISCD adult positions for transgender patients advises use of assigned gender reference values for calculation of z-scores. Utilizing this adult position creates problems for interpretation of DXA in children because z- scores are used in pediatrics and bone mass accrual and growth vary by sex and age. PS decreases growth trajectory and BMD further complicating interpretation of results and use of pediatric reference values.

Analyzing BMD results using both sex norms, using recommended size adjustments to BMD in pediatrics, and providing this information to the treating clinician for consideration of clinical context provides the most complete picture. Development of a standardized DXA report for GD youth containing dual normative results will aid in reporting. For serial measures, standardized reports should emphasize serial BMD changes rather than z-scores.

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来源期刊
Journal of Clinical Densitometry
Journal of Clinical Densitometry 医学-内分泌学与代谢
CiteScore
4.90
自引率
8.00%
发文量
92
审稿时长
90 days
期刊介绍: The Journal is committed to serving ISCD''s mission - the education of heterogenous physician specialties and technologists who are involved in the clinical assessment of skeletal health. The focus of JCD is bone mass measurement, including epidemiology of bone mass, how drugs and diseases alter bone mass, new techniques and quality assurance in bone mass imaging technologies, and bone mass health/economics. Combining high quality research and review articles with sound, practice-oriented advice, JCD meets the diverse diagnostic and management needs of radiologists, endocrinologists, nephrologists, rheumatologists, gynecologists, family physicians, internists, and technologists whose patients require diagnostic clinical densitometry for therapeutic management.
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