西北和西南塘龟的保护:威胁、种群规模估计和种群生存力分析

IF 0.9 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
Stephanie Manzo, E. Nicholson, Zachary Devereux, R. Fisher, Christopher Brown, P. Scott, H. B. Shaffer
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引用次数: 7

摘要

长寿、分布广泛的分类群的准确状态评估取决于多个种群的长期监测数据的可用性。然而,在大的时间和空间尺度上监测人口往往超出了任何一个研究人员或研究小组的范围。因此,野生动物管理者的任务可能是利用来自不同来源的有限信息来检测种群数量下降及其原因的广泛证据。当需要在这种限制下进行评估时,研究和管理界必须确定如何从可变种群数据推断到物种水平的推断。在这里,我们使用三种不同的方法,整合和分析了同行评审文献和政府机构报告中的数据,为西北池塘龟(NPT)和西南池塘龟(SPT)的保护提供信息。NPT和SPT都是分布在美国和墨西哥西海岸的长寿淡水龟。这两个物种都存在保护问题;然而,SPT可能面临更严重的威胁,并且被认为在其整个射程内的密度低于NPT。对于每个物种,我们对13种潜在威胁的影响进行了排名,估计了种群规模,并对长期干旱和不干旱的种群生存能力进行了建模。我们的研究结果表明,入侵性捕食者,如美国牛蛙Lithobates catesbeianus和Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides,对孵化的幼崽的捕食是NPT和SPT的主要威胁。西南池塘龟还可能面临比NPT更严重的自然灾害(干旱、野火和洪水)影响。诱捕调查的种群规模估计表明,SPT的平均种群规模小于NPT(p=0.0003),这表明它们可能面临更大的局部灭绝风险。人口生存能力分析模型显示,长期干旱是一个关键的环境参数;随着气候变化,严重干旱的频率增加,人口恢复的可能性降低,尤其是在人口普查规模较低的情况下。鉴于目前的人口趋势和整个范围内自然灾害的脆弱性,我们建议保护和恢复行动首先关注SPT,以防止人口进一步下降。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Conservation of Northwestern and Southwestern Pond Turtles: Threats, Population Size Estimates, and Population Viability Analysis
Accurate status assessments of long-lived, widely distributed taxa depend on the availability of long-term monitoring data from multiple populations. However, monitoring populations across large temporal and spatial scales is often beyond the scope of any one researcher or research group. Consequently, wildlife managers may be tasked with utilizing limited information from different sources to detect range-wide evidence of population declines and their causes. When assessments need to be made under such constraints, the research and management communities must determine how to extrapolate from variable population data to species-level inferences. Here, using three different approaches, we integrate and analyze data from the peer-reviewed literature and government agency reports to inform conservation for northwestern pond turtles (NPT) Actinemys marmorata and southwestern pond turtles (SPT) Actinemys pallida. Both NPT and SPT are long-lived freshwater turtles distributed along the west coast of the United States and Mexico. Conservation concerns exist for both species; however, SPT may face more severe threats and are thought to exist at lower densities throughout their range than NPT. For each species, we ranked the impacts of 13 potential threats, estimated population sizes, and modeled population viability with and without long-term droughts. Our results suggest that predation of hatchlings by invasive predators, such as American bullfrogs Lithobates catesbeianus and Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides, is a high-ranking threat for NPT and SPT. Southwestern pond turtles may also face more severe impacts associated with natural disasters (droughts, wildfires, and floods) than NPT. Population size estimates from trapping surveys indicate that SPT have smaller population sizes on average than NPT (p = 0.0003), suggesting they may be at greater risk of local extirpation. Population viability analysis models revealed that long-term droughts are a key environmental parameter; as the frequency of severe droughts increases with climate change, the likelihood of population recovery decreases, especially when census sizes are low. Given current population trends and vulnerability to natural disasters throughout their range, we suggest that conservation and recovery actions first focus on SPT to prevent further population declines.
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来源期刊
Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management
Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION-ECOLOGY
CiteScore
1.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
43
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management encourages submission of original, high quality, English-language scientific papers on the practical application and integration of science to conservation and management of native North American fish, wildlife, plants and their habitats in the following categories: Articles, Notes, Surveys and Issues and Perspectives. Papers that do not relate directly to native North American fish, wildlife plants or their habitats may be considered if they highlight species that are closely related to, or conservation issues that are germane to, those in North America.
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